6周有氧运动改善不同程度肥胖青少年体质健康的研究

目的:研究有氧运动对不同程度肥胖青少年形态、机能、糖脂代谢及身体素质的影响,探索非医疗运动手段治疗青少年肥胖的可行性方法。方法:招募50名13~19岁肥胖青少年,依据BMI值分别纳入中度或重度肥胖组,每组25人。两组受试者进行6周有氧运动(5days/week,50min/day),在运动前、运动3周和6周后分别测试受试者的身体形态、基础生理机能、糖脂代谢和身体素质等指标,并对以上数据进行统计学分析。结果:3周和6周运动均显著降低两肥胖组的体重、BMI、腰围、臀围、脂肪量、体脂率、血脂、甘油三酷、血清胰岛素水平和胰岛素抵抗指数(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),下调重度肥胖组的低密度脂蛋白水平(P＜ 0.01),提高两组肺活量、肺活量指数和50 m跑、俯卧撑、坐位体前屈成绩(P＜ 0.05);6周运动还能进一步提高两组的1 000 m跑、平衡能力以及重度肥胖组的瘦体重和高密度脂蛋白水平(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),下调两组的基础代谢率(P＜0.05)。结论:3周有氧运动就能有效改善肥胖青少年的体质健康,运动改善体质健康的效应呈时间依赖性增加的模式,并且重度肥胖者相比中度肥胖者对有氧运动更加敏感。

Six Week Aerobic Exercise Training Improving Physical Health of Adolescents with Different Degrees of Obesity

The objective was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on the morphology, function, glucose and lipid metabolism, and physical quality of obese adolescents with different degrees, and to explore the feasibility of non-medical exercise methods to treat adolescent obesity. Fifty obese adolescents aged 13-19 years were recruited and divided into moderate or severe obesity groups according to BMI values, 25 in each group. Two groups of subjects performed aerobic exercise for 6 weeks (5 days/week, 50 min/day), and the subject's body shape, basic physiological function, glucose and lipid metabolism and physical fitness were tested before exercise, 3 weeks and 6 weeks after exercise. Statistically analysis was performed on the above data. 3 weeks or 6 weeks of exercise significantly decreased body weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, fat mass, body fat rate, blood lipid, triglyceride, serum insulin level and insulin resistance index in both obese groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01), down-regulated the level of low-density lipoprotein in the severe obesity group (P<0.01), and improved the vital capacity, vital capacity index and scores of 50m running, push-ups, and sitting forward flexion in both groups (P<0.05). 6 weeks of exercise could further improve the performance of 1 000 m running and balance ability of both groups, increase the lean body weight and high-density lipoprotein level of the severe obesity group (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and down-regulate the basal metabolic rate of the two groups (P<0.05). It could be concluded that aerobic exercise for 3 weeks could effectively improve the physical health of obese adolescents, and the effect of exercise on improving physical health increases in a time-dependent manner, and the severely obese subjects were more sensitive to aerobic exercise than the moderately obese subjects.