中国青少年体育冬夏令营趋势调查与分析——基于2018年全国青少年体育冬夏令营的网络调查

2018年国家体育总局资助14252万元开展了2506个青少年体育冬夏令营活动,以鼓励青少年积极参与活动,提升其身体健康素质与体育技能水平。研究通过网络问卷的形式分别对其中29个省(区、市)的冬夏令营机构共计1128名冬夏令营从业人员和19015名青少年学员进行调查。结果显示:从参与机构分析,通过政府差额补贴方式运营的冬夏令营机构数量最多,各机构开展内容丰富多样,包括技能培训、身体测试、比赛交流、体育文化等多个类别及跆拳道、篮球、足球、羽毛球等近120个体育运动项目,每节课时长多为60~90分钟,充分满足青少年体育锻炼和技能学习需要;从从业人员分析,其师资情况呈现多元化、专业化和年轻化发展趋向,指导人员年龄多在40岁以下,包括专业教练、体育教师、退役运动员等多类成员;从参与学员分析,大多参与学员集中在小学学段,并且其体育基础较为薄弱,参与冬夏令营课程以基础技能学习为主。为促进体育冬夏令营科学开展,建议发挥政府主导作用,创新组织工作方式,培育师资人才团队,建立科学课程体系及促进市场商业开发,以此打造青少年体育冬夏令营治理新格局。

Investigation Research on Chinese Youth Sport Summer and Winter Camps -Based on Web Survey on Chinese Youth Sport Summer and Winter Camps in 2018

In 2018,the General Administration of Sport of China funded 142.52 million Yuan to launch 2,506 winter summer sports camps to encourage young people to participate in sports activities and improve their physical health and sports skills. In this study, a total of 1 128 sport winter and summer camp employees and 19 015 adolescent students were investigated in 29 provincial (district and city) winter camp institutions through the third-party network platform and the form of online questionnaire. Results showed that the largest number of winter camps was supported through government deficiency payment.Skill training, physical testing, competition and sports culture were involved. Nearly 120 sports events such as Taekwondo, basketball, football, badminton and so on were provided. Each class lasted for 60-90 minutes which could fully meet the needs of sports training and skill learning. The teaching staff were diversified, professional and young, most of whom aged under 40,being professional coaches, physical education teachers, retired athletes and other members. According to the analysis, most of the participants were from primary school, and their physical education foundation was relatively weak. The winter camp courses mainly focused on basic skills. In order to promote summer and winter sports camps, top design should be made through policies, quality camps should be run through bettering the activities, the courses, the ways, and the instructions. Commercial operation could be integrated so as to build relative industry system.