训练方法的本质、结构及发展特征研究

本文运用文献资料分析的方法，对训练方法的本质、结构要素和发展特征进行了研究，认为训练方法本质上是运用各种工具、手段的活动程序；训练方法具有目的、知识、训练手段和操作程序4个结构要素，训练手段及其操作程序是对运动员产生直接作用的媒介，知识是训练手段及其操作程序对人体产生作用的机理，训练手段有物质的和精神的手段，通过运用训练手段对运动员产生影响，消除运动员现实状态与期望状态的“差值”是训练方法的目的。从创新训练方法过程中人的认识和思维活动特征分析，训练方法经历了3个发展阶段。

The Research on Essence, Structural Elements and Developmental Characteristics of Training Method

Based on the analysis of documentation, this paper studies the essence, structural elements and developmental characteristics of training method in sport, argues that training method is essentially programmed physical activities, and possesses the aiming, knowledge, and regards it as 4 structural elements. Training method and operation program directly stimulates athletes. Knowledge explaines how training method and operation program influence the athletes. Training method is composed of physical and mental method. Through training, the specific connotation of aim is disparity between the present performance and future performance. It can be found that there are three stages in development of training method in sport.