儿童青少年身体活动建成环境研究热点解析、前瞻与启示

建成环境作为影响儿童青少年身体活动水平的重要因素之一,与其相关的核心成果在指导后续儿童青少年身体活动支持性建成环境研究,以及改善、优化儿童青少年个体的身体活动环境方面均具有重要价值。通过梳理全球儿童青少年身体活动建成环境领域的核心成果,发现社区、学校、家庭的建成环境与儿童青少年个体的身体活动是全球儿童青少年身体活动建成环境领域的研究热点。儿童保育机构与不同国家农村地区儿童青少年支持性身体活动建成环境的构建、评估与优化,以及如何利用建成环境对残疾、超重、肥胖等弱势儿童青少年个体进行身体活动干预,将是未来儿童青少年身体活动建成环境领域相关研究者的首要关注点。我国儿童青少年身体活动建成环境的理论研究与实践干预主要体现在:不同场域建成环境与身体活动水平的关联性分析,国外身体活动指南与评价标准、体系的系统阐释,量化探讨建成环境对身体活动水平的影响,以及如何构建与完善身体活动健康促进框架体系。通过分析国内、外儿童青少年身体活动建成环境的相关成果,结合我国实际情况,尝试从研究方法、研究设计、测量指标与试验控制等维度,提出未来我国儿童青少年身体活动建成环境研究的优化策略。

Analysis,Prospects and Enlightenment of the Research Hotspots on the Built Environment of Children and Adolescents’ Physical Activities

The built environment is one of the important factors affecting the physical activity level of children and adolescents,the related core results are of great value in guiding the follow-up children’s physical activity supportive built environment research,as well as improving and optimizing the physical activity environment of children and adolescents.By sorting the core achievements of the physical activities of children and adolescents,it is found that the built environment of communities,schools and families and the physical activities of children and adolescents are the research hotspots of the environment for the physical activities of children and adolescents around the world.The construction,evaluation and optimization of the built environment for the construction of supportive physical activities for children and adolescents in rural areas of different countries and the children who are in child-care facilities,as well ashow to use the built environment to intervene in physical activities for vulnerable children,such asthe disabled,the overweight and the obese,which will be the primary concern of relevant researchers in the field of physical activity environment for children and adolescents in the future.The theoretical research and practical interventions for the physical environment of children and adolescents in China are mainly reflected in the following aspects:the correlation analysis between the built environment of different fields and the level of physical activity,the systematic explanation of foreign physical activity guidelines and evaluation criteria systems,and quantitative discussion on the impact of built environment on the level of physical activity,and how to build and improve the framework system of physical activity health promotion.By analyzing the relevant achievements of the physical environment of children and adolescents at home and abroad,combining with the actual situation in China,this paper attempts to propose an optimization strategy of the physical activity built environment of children and adolescents in China from the perspectives of research methods,research design,measurement indicators and experimental control.