轻度智障儿童基本运动技能与体力活动水平的关系

目的调查轻度智障儿童基本运动技能(FMS)与体力活动水平,探讨二者之间的关系,为该群体运动参与能力的提升及其健康促进提供指导思路。方法选取上海市65名轻度智障儿童作为调查对象,运用TGMD-2和ActiGraph GT3X+三轴加速度传感器分别对其FMS及体力活动水平进行测量和评价,对相关数据进行统计分析。结果轻度智障儿童FMS平均总得分为(67.82±7.31)分,其中位移技能得分显著高于物理控制技能(P<0.01),男生位移技能得分显著高于女生(P<0.05),但物体控制技能无显著性别差异(P>0.05)。15.6%的轻度智障儿童能满足每天60 min中高强度体力活动(MVPA)推荐量,男生平均每天MVPA时间显著高于女生(P<0.01),周末日体力活动时间显著高于上学日(P<0.01)。总体上轻度智障儿童的低强度体力活动(LPA)、MVPA和总体力活动(TPA)时间与FMS得分均呈正相关(r=0.351~0.547,P<0.05)。FMS得分对轻度智障儿童平均每天MVPA时间、TPA时间具有解释意义(R^2=0.381,P<0.01;R^2=0.409,P<0.01)。位移技能是解释每天MVPA时间的唯一变量(β=0.490,P<0.01)。结论轻度智障儿童的FMS发展与体力活动水平整体呈正相关关系,基于该群体技能发展层面的体力活动促进是该领域相关研究的重要方向。

Relationship Between the Fundamental Movement Skill and Physical Activities of Children with Mild Intellectual Disability

Objective To investigate the fundamental movement skill and physical activities of children with mild intellectual disability,the relationship between them was explored,and ideas for the improvement of their sport participation and health promotion were provided. Methods 65 children with mild intellectual disability in Shanghai were selected. TGMD-2 and ActiGraph GT3 X+triaxial accelerometer were used to measure the fundamental movement skill and physical activity,and conduct the statistical analysis of the data.Results The average score of fundamental movement skill is 67.82±7.31,and the score of locomotor skill was significantly higher than that of object control skill(P<0.01);Boys’ locomotor skill scores were significantly higher than girls’(P<0.05),though there was no significant gender difference in object control skill(P>0.05). 15.6 percent of children with mild intellectual disability met the recommendation of 60 min MVPA per day,and the average daily MVPA time of boys was significantly higher than that of girls(P<0.01);physical activity time on weekend days was significantly higher than that on school days(P<0.01).In general,LPA,MVPA and TPA of children with mild intellectual disability were positively correlated with fundamental movement skill(r=0.351-0.547,P<0.05). Fundamental movement skill can explain the average daily MVPA time and TPA time(R^2=0.381,P<0.01;R^2=0.409,P<0.01). Locomotor skill is the only variable that affects MVPA(β =0.490,P<0.01).Conclusion The development of fundamental movement skill in children with mild intellectual disability is correlated with the level of physical activity,therefore the promotion of physical activity based on the skill development of this group is an important idea in this field.