以旧换再补贴对双渠道销售闭环供应链的影响

本文以政府补贴消费者的再造品购买行为为切入点,对由单个制造商和单个零售商组成的闭环供应链系统展开了研究。基于政府"以旧换再"补贴政策,分别构建了有、无政府补贴下新产品和再造品具不同销售渠道的闭环供应链模型,进而运用博弈论的方法探讨了政府"以旧换再"补贴对闭环供应链的决策、系统各成员的利润以及总利润的影响问题。研究表明:(1)与无政府补贴相比,有政府补贴下单个"以旧换再"消费者、"以旧换再"消费者群体、制造商、闭环供应链系统及环境效益均受益于政府"以旧换再"补贴;单个初始消费者、初始消费者群体和零售商均受损于政府"以旧换再"补贴。(2)政府"以旧换再"补贴政策能有效促进再造品的销售和废旧品的回收,扩大再造品的市场份额,实现资源的再利用和政策目标,达到经济效益和环境效益的双赢。(3)制造商和零售商博弈能力影响双渠道销售闭环供应链的稳定性及零售商的利润水平,因此设置合理的"以旧换再"补贴比例并出台相应政策来弥补初始消费者和零售商的效益损失是政府和制造商均应关注的重点。最后采用算例仿真分析的方法验证了模型的有效性和结论的正确性。

Impacts of replacement subsidy on the dual-channel sale closed-loop supply chain

This paper considered consumers' remanufacturing product buying behavior under the government subsidy to examine the closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) consisting of a single manufacturer and a single retailer. Based on the government replacement subsidy policy, we constructed different CLSC models with and without the government replacement subsidy and in which the new product and remanufacturing product were sold through different channels. Then, we discussed the impacts of the government replacement-subsidy on the decisions and profits of CLSC system and its members by the method of game theory. The research showed that: (1) compared with the CLSC models without the government subsidy, the single replacement consumer, whole replacement consumers, manufacturer, CLSC system and social environmental benefits all benefited from the government replacement-subsidy; the single initial consumer, whole initial consumers and retailer were damaged from the government replacement-subsidy; (2) The government replacement-subsidy can effectively promote the sales of remanufacturing products and recycling of waste products, and expand the market shares of remanufacturing product, and then realize the reusing of resources and the goals of policy, achieve the double-win situation of the economic and environmental benefits at last; and (3) The game ability of the manufacturer and the retailer affected the stability of dual-channel sale CLSC and the profit level of the retailer, so setting a reasonable subsidy proportion and making out other related policies to make up for the utility loss of the initial consumer and the retailer become an important area of the government and manufacturer should focus on. At last, the numerical analysis method was adopted to verify the effectiveness of the models and the correctness of the conclusions.