国内外海洋资源研究知识图谱解析及启示

海洋经济已成为全球经济发展的重要引擎,海洋资源的开发与利用关乎海洋经济的可持续发展及海洋强国建设。运用CiteSpace文献计量方法,以CNKI和Web of Science数据库中的海洋资源文献为研究对象,通过对发文机构、发文期刊和关键词的分析,总结2000—2019年国内外海洋资源研究的总体特征。结果表明：①国外对于海洋资源研究的关注远大于国内,且国家（地区）间合作发文密切的主要是欧美海洋经济强国;国内海洋资源研究主体主要以沿海地区涉海院校为主,网络图谱结构松散,跨区域跨机构交流有待加强。②国外关注海洋资源研究的学科聚焦于生态学、环境科学、海洋学、国际关系、地理学和生物学等学科;国内主要集中在资源科学、环境科学、人文经济地理、国际关系及政治学等学科。③国外海洋资源研究视角呈多元化发展,对海洋资源综合管理、海洋资源与海洋生态系统、海洋生物资源、海洋资源可持续发展以及深远海资源探索等议题关注较多;国内海洋资源的阶段性研究具有明显的政策导向性,海洋资源与海洋经济、海洋资源可持续发展、海洋资源与生态环境、海洋资源空间治理等主题成为不同时期的研究热点。进一步提出海洋资源的开发与利用应具有大局观与全球视野、重视海洋资源基础性研究与实践、加快人海关系框架下的海洋资源开发模式转换及加强海洋资源理论研究等政策性启示。

Analysis and enlightenment of knowledge map of marine resources research at home and abroad

Marine economy has become an important engine of global economic development, the utilization of marine resources is related to the sustainable development of marine economy and the construction of maritime power. Using CiteSpace literature measurement method, and taking the marine resource literatures in CNKI and Web of Science databases research objects. Through the analysis of publishing institutions, publishing journals and keywords, this paper summarizes the general characteristics of marine resources research at home and abroad from 2000 to 2019. The results show that: (1) In the field of foreign marine resources research, the major countries (regions) that have published the largest number of articles and participated in more cooperation between countries (regions) are from Europe and North America. In China, the difference in scientific research output of various institutions is obvious, and the network of co-published articles presents a loose structure. (2) Foreign marine resources research mainly involves ecology, environmental science and oceanography, while domestic marine resources research is dominated by resources science, environmental science and human geography. (3) Foreign research tends to be mature with diversified research perspectives, paying more attention to issues such as integrated management of marine resources, marine resources and marine ecosystem, marine biological resources, sustainable development of marine resources and deep marine resources. Chinese research has great potential, and the phased research shows obvious policy guidance. Topics such as marine resources and marine economy, sustainable development of marine resources, marine resources and ecological environment, and governance of marine resources have become research hotspots in different periods. It is suggested that the development and utilization of marine resources should have the overall view and global vision, strengthen the basic research and practice of marine resources, transform the development mode of marine resources under the framework of human sea relationship, and strengthen the theory of marine resources.