焉耆盆地绿洲灌区生态安全下的地下水埋深合理界定

在西北干旱地区,地下水埋深与生态环境的关系十分密切。焉耆盆地是新疆重要的绿洲农业区,但该区生态环境脆弱,生态环境对地下水的依赖作用十分显著,同时该区又担负着向塔里木河下游输水的重任,如何实现该地区地下资源可持续开发模式,是一个急需探讨的现实问题。本文基于大量的野外调查和综合分析的基础上,通过对焉耆盆地的地下水埋深与土壤盐碱化、植被生长与潜水蒸发的相互关系的研究,从确保绿洲灌区生态安全角度提出了地下水生态埋深的概念,并阐述了其内涵,确定绿洲灌区适宜生态埋深为3.0～4.0m,即适合林地生长的适宜深度与极限潜水蒸发深度的区间。地下水生态埋深的确定,对于估算生态用水、防治土地盐渍化和沙漠化提供了科学依据,也为焉耆盆地地下水合理开采与水盐调控提供理论支撑。

Determination of the Ecological Groundwater Depth Considering Ecological Integrity over Oasis Irrigation Areas in the Yanqi Basin

In arid areas, the buried depth of groundwater and salt content jointly affect the growth of natural vegetation. Salts dissolved in groundwater can be carried upward by capillary water and accumulated in top soil if the groundwater buried depth is too shallow under violent evaporation conditions. As such, soil salinization and salt stress often occur. Upward capillary water cannot reach the rhizosphere of plants if the groundwater buried depth is too deep. Therefore, the growth of vegetation is in part dete...