日本的政策评估体系和实践及其对中国科技评估的启示

日本自2002年全面开展政策评估,目前已形成较为完善的政策评估体系。本文通过介绍日本政府政策评估的制度建设、评估模式及其在管理中发挥的作用,结合日本中央和地方政府部门以及评估机构开展政策评估的实践,总结认为,日本的政策评估本质上是用于改进行政主体的管理,特别是改善管理目标和途径的一个重要手段。结合中国当前的科技评估(主要是科技计划评估)工作现状,提出全面认识评估作用、加强评估体系建设等启示与建议。

The System and Practice of Japanese Policy Evaluation and Its Enlightenments to the S&T Evaluation of China

Japan has been entirely implementing policy evaluation since 2002.It has formed the integrated system of policy evaluation at present.This article introduces the institutionalization and models of Japanese government’s policy evaluation,and its function for management.Considering with the practices of Japanese’ central government,local government and evaluation organizations,we conclude that Japanese policy evaluation is essentially an important measure for enhance the administrators’ management,especially to improve the management’s targets and approaches.Furthermore,as to the current S&T evaluation(mainly about S&T program evaluation) of China,we give some suggestions including overall understanding of the evaluation’s functions,strengthening the evaluation system,etc.