政府对大学和国立科研机构科研资助的第三条道路

机构资助与项目资助是目前政府对大学和国立科研机构科研资助的两种主要途径。为了提高政府科研资助的效率与效果,各国政府都在不断探索政府科研资助的最佳模式。OECD提出了一种促进研究卓越的新的资助方式,"研究卓越计划"(Research Excellence Initiative,REI),可视为政府科研资助的第三条道路。从政府与科学关系的视角分析了第三条道路产生的背景;通过对机构资助、项目资助及REI资助的对比分析,提出第三条道路的内涵;基于国际案例,分析该资助模式在资助与管理方面的特点;在分析我国现状的基础之上,针对我国科技体制改革的需求,提出对政府科研资助改革的政策建议。

The Third Road to Fund Public Research Universities and National Research Institutes

Institutional block funding and competitive project funding are two main approaches to fund public research uni-versities and national research institutes. In order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness, governments are continuing to explore better modes for research funding. Recently, OECD proposed a new funding approach which is called Research Ex-cellence Initiative(REI) to promote government funded research excellent. REI can be regarded as the third road to fund pub-lic research universities and national research institutes. In this study, firstly, background of the third road is analyzed from the perspective of the relationship between government and science. Secondly, the connotations of institutional funding, pro-ject funding and REI are examined by a comparative study. Thirdly, the features of funding and management of REI are summarized based on case studies. Finally, based on the analysis of current situation on government research funding mecha-nism in China, some policy recommendations on science and technology reform are proposed.