状态和特质焦虑对情绪刺激时长估计的影响

影响时间知觉的情绪因素可以概括为情绪刺激因素和被试因素两个方面。以55名大学生为被试,估计哭、笑和中性表情面孔刺激呈现时长,并采用状态—特质焦虑量表测查其状态和特质焦虑,研究个体焦虑情绪对于时长估计的影响。结果发现,相对于中性表情刺激条件,在哭、笑表情刺激条件下,参加实验时的状态焦虑分数低于特质焦虑分数者(低常组),体现出高估时长的特点,达到或接近统计学显著水平;而参加实验时的状态焦虑分数高于平时测定的特质焦虑分数者(高常组),表现出未达到统计学显著水平的低估时长的趋势。结果提示我们:低常组高估时距可能是源于生理唤醒效应,而高常组低估时距可能是源于认知注意唤醒效应。

Effects of State and Trait Anxieties on Duration Estimation of Emotional Stimuli

Both emotional stimuli and subjects factors affecting time perception.Fifty five undergraduates were recruited to estimate the time duration of a series of expression face photos such as crying,laughing and usual expressions.At the end of this experiment,state and trait anxieties were measured.The effect of individual anxiety on time estimation is measured.The results showed that relative to usual stimuli,under the stimuli of crying and laughing,the state anxiety scores are lower than trait anxiety scores.Participants were divided into two groups according to the balance of their state and trait anxiety levels;participants with state anxiety lower than their trait(LOWER THAN USUAL) show the feature of higher than time duration,reaching or approximating statistical outstanding level of high estimation and participants with state anxiety higher than their trait anxiety(HIGHER THAN USUAL) show that it doesn’t reach the statistical outstanding level of low estimation.The results implied that there are different mechanisms involved in the time estimation in the condition of emotional stimuli between the LOWER and HIGHER than usual participants.The LOWER THAN USUAL group was driven by physical arousal while the HIGHER THAN USUAL was driven by cognitive attention arousal during the time estimation.