“劳动教育”与“职业教育”:概念辨析与路径探索

辨析"劳动教育"与"职业教育"概念对深化教育理论认识、改进教育实践、优化学科建设具有重要意义。通过梳理劳动教育的历史进程和概念演变发现,劳动教育与德育密切相关,能有效塑造人的劳动价值观、培养人的劳动技能;梳理职业教育的历史进程发现,职业教育可以归纳为一个动态发展的概念,同时,职业教育在促进生产和推动经济增长方面发挥了积极的作用。审视"劳动教育"与"职业教育"的发展轨迹和概念演变,发现"劳动教育"与"职业教育"之间存在"并列,重合,交叉,包含"四种关联,也存在教育实施的主体与对象、目的、内容、方法、条件、评价等六方面差异。新时代的"劳动教育"应在厘清与"职业教育"区别的基础上,通过重塑劳动与职业价值观,强化顶层设计,构建劳动教育与职业教育相融合的课程体系,确立多方联动的劳动育人机制等途径实施。

"Labor Education" and "Vocational Education" : Concept Clarification and Path Exploration

Clarifying the concepts of"labor education"and"vocational education"is significant for understanding education theory,improving educational practice and optimizing discipline construction.Through combing the historical process and conceptual evolution of labor education,this paper finds that labor education is closely related to moral education,which can effectively shape people’s labor values and cultivate people’s labor skills.The historical process and conceptual evolution of vocational education can be summarized as a concept of dynamic development.At the same time,vocational education has played an active role in promoting production and promoting economic growth.By examining the development trajectory and conceptual changes between"labor education"and"vocational education,"the relationship between"labor education"and"vocational education"can be summarized into four types,namely juxtaposed,equivalent,intersected and included.There are differences between"labor education"and"vocational education"in six aspects:subject and object,purpose,content,method,condition,and education implementation evaluation.Based on clarifying the difference between"labor education"and"vocational education",the"labor education"in the new era should be implemented by reshaping labor and vocational values,strengthening the top-level design of labor education and vocational education,constructing a labor education and vocational education curriculum system,and establishing a multi-party labor education mechanism.