五育融合视野下劳动教育的中国经验与未来展望

教育与生产劳动相结合是我国教育方针的重要组成部分,新中国成立70年来,我国劳动教育政策取得了重大进展,基于政策转移视野,我国劳动教育经历了借入苏联模式、探索自身路径、绝对去西方化、开辟中国模式、形成新时代价值体系五个阶段,从"工具理性"逐渐走向"价值理性"。未来,应以"五育融合"为出发点,探索劳动教育的新路径:以劳动教育作为击破应试教育壁垒着力点,深入促进学生综合核心素养与学业能力的提高,探寻以劳树德;建立并持续完善劳动教育课程体系,以劳动教育促进学生对其他学科课程的掌握,实现以劳增智;立足实际需要,建立政府、社会、家庭、学校"四位一体"劳动教育实施协同创新体系,使劳动者在合目的性与合规律性统一的劳动中获得自我确证,探索以劳育美;教育治理重心下移,多方持续进行中国特色劳动教育育人体系的实践基地和法律制度建设,保障劳动教育有效可持续实施。

China’s Experience and Future Prospects of Labor Education in the Perspective of Integration of Five Domains of Education

The combination of education and production is an important part of China’s education policy.After 70 years,since the founding of New China,China’s labor education policy has made great progress.Based on the perspective of policy transfer,China’s labor education has gone through five stages which are borrowing from the Soviet Union,exploring own path,thoroughly de-westernization,exploring China’s model,and forming a new era value system.And China’s labor education has also shifted gradually from "instrumental rationality"to"value rationality".In the future,we should take the integration of five domains of education as a departure point to explore a new path of labor education,along with taking labor education as the key to break the barriers of examination oriented education and deeply promoting the improvement of students’ core literacy and ability,so as to promote moral education;improving the labor education’s curriculum system,and promoting students’ mastery of other subjects by labor education,so as to increase intellectual development;based on the actual needs,establishing a"four-in-one"labor education system for the government,society,family,and school to implement a collaborative innovation system,and enabling workers to obtain self-confirmation in a unified work with purposefulness and regularity so as to cultivating aesthetic ability;and finally,shifting down the focus of educational governance,carrying out the construction of practice base and legal system of labor education system with Chinese characteristics to ensure the effective and sustainable implementation of labor education.