宋金元哲理诗探论

哲理诗是一种具有双重品格的诗,是哲理与诗性的完美结合。宋金元三个时期共408年的哲理诗,在当时诗人们的努力下,使之历史地成为了可与传统的怀古诗、送别诗等媲美的一种诗歌品类。北宋的哲理诗,主要表现出了三大特征,即揭示自然规律,反映人生哲理,表现佛禅义理。南宋是一个理趣诗与理学诗盛行的时代,前者以杨万里的诗最具代表性,后者成就卓著者则首推朱熹。朱熹的理学诗主要分为三类,即＂阐说义理类＂、＂融合渗透类＂、＂亦情亦景类＂,各具特点。而借助形象以进行理性思考,并从中揭示出某种社会或人生方面的哲理,用以加强作品内容的深刻性,则是金代哲理诗表现在艺术上的一个重要特征。元代是一个新儒学高度发达的国度,其定理学为官学的举措,不仅为哲理诗的创作带来了新的气象,而且使理学家的＂学者之诗＂一变而为＂诗人之诗＂。这种变化,是理学诗在元代进步的标志。

A Discussion on the Philosophical Poetry of the Song,Jin,and Yuan Dynasties

Philosophical poetry,so to speak,has dualities in its characteristics,which is a perfect combination of philosophy and poetry.With the joint efforts of poets in the Song,Jin,and Yuan Dynasties,philosophical poetry had become an influential form of poetry that could run parallel with other traditional forms of poetry such as meditative poetry and send-off poetry historically.Exposure of natural law,revelation of life philosophy and reflection of Buddhist principles are what characterize the philosophical poetry in the Northern Song Dynasty.The Southern Song Dynasty had seen the prevalence of both philosophical poetry and poetry of the Confucian school,with the former most typified by the poetry of Yang Wanli and the latter by that of Zhu Xi.Rational thinking by way of visualized images to expose certain social or life philosophies to endow the poetry with profundity is what distinguishes the philosophical poetry of the Jin Dynasty.Then,the Yuan Dynasty had witnessed the prosperity of the neo-Confucianism and the fact that Confucianism was made an officially authorized school of learning had opened up new vista for the creation of philosophical poetry in the Yuan Dynasty,which rendered Confucian ＂poetry of the scholars＂ into ＂poetry of the poets＂,signifying a great strides forward made by such transformations.