田野课堂与教师文化——以中学语文特级教师肖家芸《向生命鞠躬》教学为例

教师文化是"学校文化"建设的关键,亦是教育改革的重点。新的教育理念能否真正作用于学生,新课程改革能否真正被践行、被落实,都与教师文化极为相关。课堂是解读教师文化的最佳场域,教师的文化样态可以从教师的文化批判力、文化智识,教师的课程观、学生观等多方面察析。通过观察、透视中学语文特级教师肖家芸《向生命鞠躬》一课的教学,可以体察教师的教育智慧,可以解读蕴含于其中的教师文化。而无论是"尊重教师生命,关注教师个性",还是"尊重学生生命,尽显人文关怀",都是"好的"教师文化的显性表征。前者可以帮助我们体认教师的文化批判力和文化智识,后者可以帮助我们体察教师文化中的尊重、平等、全纳、民主等特质。它们直接作用并影响课堂文化品质,进而作用并影响学校文化品质、教育文化品质。

The Field Classroom and Teacher Culture A Case Study of the Text Bowing to Life Delivered by a Middle School Chinese Teacher Xiao Jiayun

The teacher culture is the key to the construction of school culture, also the focus of education re- form. Can the new educational idea really act on the students？ Can the new curriculum reform be practiced and im- plemented？ The teacher culture is extremely relevant. The classroom is the best place to interpret the teacher cul- ture; the state of teacher culture can be observed and analyzed through the teachers＇ power of cultural criticism, cultural knowledge, teacher＇ s curriculum view, teacher＇ s student view and other aspects. Through the observation of a lesson Bowing to Life, delivered by Xiao Jiayun, a middle school Chinese teacher, we are aware of the educa- tional wisdom of the teacher, as well as the teacher culture. But whether it is to respect teacher＇ s life, pay atten- tion to the teacher＇ s personality, or to respect students＇ life and show the humanistic care, it is explicit character- ization of good teacher culture. The former helps us recognize the teacher＇ s intellectual power of cultural criticism and cultural knowledge, while the latter helps to understand the respect, equality, inclusive, democratic character in teacher culture. It has direct effects on the quality of classroom culture, and also the quality of school culture, and the culture quality of education.