身份的迷失与寻求--试论张爱玲与鲁迅小说中的文化反思

20年代,鲁迅开启了改造民族文化心理的伟大工程,40年代,张爱玲继承并发展这一伟业：1．通过固守传统者身份的迷失,鲁迅反映传统文化吃人的角度主要是从社会－外向视角,而张爱玲立足社会,又集中在家庭－内向视角,从“外人”帮吃,到“内人”帮吃反映得更为深刻;2．鲁迅笔下的人物仅是被吃,而在张爱玲笔下不但被吃,而且还自吃、吃人,张继续关注女性并进一步推出女权主义;3．鲁迅、张爱玲都表现传统文化“恶”与西方文化“恶”合流之后更具有吃人性,但张爱玲把封建社会逐渐被资本主义打败这一过程表达出来;4．张爱玲与鲁迅都关注小人物悲剧,但张爱玲从鲁迅的横截面、单一悲剧发展到丰富的生活、多重悲剧,并深刻地发掘了人性。这在文学史上具有重大意义。

The Loss of Self and Seeking--On the Cultural Introspection of ZHANG Ai-ling and LU Xun

In 1920's, Lu Xun started the great project of remolding national cultural psychology, and Zhan Ailing inherited and developed it in 1940's: 1.Through the loss of the tradition--agreer's self, Lu Xun told theEating--people of traditional culture from the external social angle, while Zhang Ailing from the internal family angle, basing on the society, which is much more thorough; 2.The characters portrayed by Lu Xun had been eaten while those by Zhang Ailing not only had been eaten, but also eaten themselves and others, and Zhang furtherly promoted the feminism. 3. Lu and Zhang both expressed the "evil" of traditional culture and of the western ate people more violently when they combined. Furtherly, Zhang showed the course that the feudal society was gradually beaten by capitalism. 4.Zhan and Lu both concerned about the tragedy of the humble person, and Zhang had developed Lu's cross--section and single tragedy into a rich and multi--section. It is very meanful in the culture history.