论义务

义务有两个特征，一个是作为规则的义务，另一个是作为行动的义务。作为规则的义务是利益共同体对个体的客观要求。这些要求最终受制于社会的经济结构，而它们的形成和发展又是人们根据历史的社会理性不断实践的结果。作为行动的义务涉及内化外在规则的必然性问题。在义务对行动的规定中一定带有某种必然性，而行为主体必定在某种程度上受制于这种必然性。正是这种既内在地制约着主体、又外在地要求着主体的必然性，才是行动者必定会内化外在规则的客观根据和基础。而这个必然性就是社会关系中的客观要求。人只有在履行义务的过程中不断接受社会必然性规律的检验，才可能驾驭必然性并最终获得自由。

On Obligations

Obligations have two characteristics, one is the obligation as the rule, and the other is the obligation as the action. The obligation as the rule is the objective requirement of community of interests to individuals. These requirements are finally subject to social economic structure ,whose forma- tion and development are the result which people unceasingly practice according to historical society reason. The obligation as the action involves the inevitability problem of internalization of external rules. There is some inevitability in provisions of obligation to action, the behavior subject is subject to this necessity to a ceratin extent. It is the necessity that the actors will surely internalize objective base of external rules. The necessity is the objective requirement in social relations. Only in the process of obligations and constantly accepting the inspection of social inevitability regular, can people manage the inevitability and finally free.