马克思与诺思关于制度变迁路径选择的比较分析

诺思与马克思都非常重视路径选择在制度变迁和社会转型中的地位与作用,但二者的思维范式却迥然不同。诺思从路径依赖角度论证不同制度下的行动者初始选择的差异,并认为是产权结构理论、国家理论和意识形态理论决定和规范了制度变迁的路径。马克思从现实的人出发,把生产看作是历史的前提,人类社会制度和社会意识形态的变迁,主要是由生产力和生产方式的变迁来决定的。马克思把革命和改革看作是实现制度变迁的基本方式,这一路径选择直接影响和改变着现实社会主义的实践。

A Comparative Study of the Path Selection Thought in System Change of Marx and North

Both North and Marx attached great importance in the status and roles of path selection in system changes and social transformations,but they are quite different in their mode of thinking.North analyzed the actors′ differences in their initial selection under different systems from the perspective of path dependence,he considered that the property rights theory,state theory,and the theory of ideology determine the path of system changes.Marx took the production as a premise of history,prerequisite from the reality of people,he believed that the changes of productivity and production determine the changes of social systems and social ideology.Marx took revolution and reform as the basic ways to bring about system changes,which directly affects and changes the reality of socialism practice.