当代敦煌题材散文评述——“20世纪敦煌题材文艺创作与传播”系列论文

广义的当代敦煌题材散文包括几种类型:一是有关敦煌学几代学人的传记、回忆录、报告文学和记人散文。二是有关敦煌史实、敦煌文化的介绍性、解说性散文。三是狭义的散文,又可分三类:文化散文和文化评论;游记;生态散文。敦煌文化的深厚内涵与游客的鄙俗心态形成巨大反差,其结果是敦煌形象被有关莫高窟的一般性知识和导游的解说词定型化为刻板印象,既有某种宗教艺术的神圣感,又被鄙俗化、平面化为感官猎奇的景观。狭义的敦煌题材散文大致通过以下几种方式把握敦煌形象:一是依靠刻板印象把敦煌神圣化,或依靠想象将它美化、诗化;二是描绘鸣沙山、月牙泉、三危山等由莫高窟带动的周边景点,从中发现旅游乐趣(主要来自旅游介绍形成的刻板印象);三是关注敦煌生态危机,以切身感受和材料披露表达生态保护意识。其中,从生命体验出发,在敦煌的历史文化、现实生活中体味人生,以人的真实存在呈现敦煌真实形象的作品极其罕见。敦煌游记已经变成快餐消费式的文化商品,暴露出重复写作的弊端。

A Review Of Contemporary Chinese Essays Based On Dunhuang

Generally speaking,contemporary Chinese essays based on Dunhuang include the following types: the first,biographies,memoirs,reportages and narrative essays about Dunhuang scholars;the second,introductions and commentaries on Dunhuang history and culture;the third,essays in a narrow sense,which also include three types: cultural prose,travel notes and ecological prose.Deep connotations of Dunhuang culture contrast badly with low and vulgar tastes of tourists,so that the image of Dunhuang is stereotyped by general knowledge and introduction of Mogao grottoes.The srereotyped image of Dunhuang contains a kind of sacredness while on the other hand is secularized into tourist attractions.Contemporary essays in a narrow sense usurally present the image of Dunhuang in the following ways: the first,to worship or beautify Dunhuang according to stereotyped impression;the second,to describe Mogao grottoes’ surrounding attractions such as Singing Sand Mountain,Crescent Moon Spring and Sanwei Mountain,discovering stereotyped fun from tourism;the third,to pay attention to ecological crisis of Dunhuang and show ecological protection consciousness.Among all these essays,there are few presenting the image of Dunhuang with the writer’s real life experience and real existence.Travel notes about Dunhuang have become a kind of cultural goods for fast food consumption,exposing the disadvantages of repeated writing.