教学视频中线索类型与学习者先前知识经验对学习的交互影响

教学视频因其多通道展现教学内容的特性而成为数字化学习资源的首选形态。线索作为教学视频中的重要引导性教学设计手段,探究其类型及学习者先前知识经验对学习效果的交互影响,有益于优化教学视频的设计策略。基于学习者先前知识经验水平(高水平和低水平)和线索类型(言语线索和视觉线索)两个维度,运用眼动追踪技术和认知负荷、学习满意度、学习效果等测量工具,通过实验考察二者对学习的影响及其内在机制后发现:学习者先前知识经验水平对认知负荷的影响显著;线索类型对学习满意度的影响显著,且线索类型与学习者先前知识经验水平在学习满意度上的交互效应显著;学习者先前知识经验水平对学习效果的影响显著,且线索类型与学习者先前知识经验水平在迁移测验成绩上的交互效应显著。实验结果表明,线索类型与学习者先前知识经验水平对学习满意度和学习效果存在明显的交互作用,即只有低知识经验水平学习者在学习含有视觉线索的教学视频后,学习满意度与学习效果才有显著提升。这可能是由于该类学习者在信息选择时存在困难,视觉线索可以帮助其提高信息搜索效率,而言语线索却会使其认知负荷超载。

The Interaction Effects of the Type of Cues and Learners’ Prior Knowledge on Learning in Video Lectures

The video lecture has become the learners’preferred form of digital learning resources because of its multi-channel display for the teaching content.Since cues were supposed to be an effective instructional strategy in video lectures,it is beneficial to optimize the design strategy of video lectures by exploring the interaction effects of the type of cues and learners’prior knowledge on their learning in video lectures.Based on the observation of learners’level of prior knowledge(high level and low level)and the types of cues(verbal and visual cues),eye movement tracking technology and measurement tools such as cognitive load,learning satisfaction and learning performance were used to investigate the influence of both two on learning and their internal mechanisms through experiments.The results indicate that learners’level of prior knowledge has a significant influence on cognitive load;the type of cues has significant influence on learning satisfaction,and the interaction effects between the type of cues and learners’level of prior knowledge on learning satisfaction are significant;learners’level of prior knowledge has a significant influence on learning performance,and the interaction effects between the type of cues and learners’level of prior knowledge on test scores of learning transfer are significant.The results revealed significant interaction effects between the type of cues and learners’level of prior knowledge on learning satisfaction and learning performance.Specifically,only learners with low level of prior knowledge gained higher learning satisfaction and performance after viewing video lectures with visual cues,because low experience learners may have difficulties in information selection,and visual cues can improve learners’efficiency of information search,while verbal cues can overload their cognitive load.