未成年人不同阅读介质的眼动行为比较

随着数字化阅读的迅猛增长，传统纸质媒体与数字化媒体已经成为学习者获取学习资源的两种重要介质。电子课本作为数字化阅读与学习范式变革在基础教育领域中应用的产物，其应用效果受到人们的期待。电子课本如何促进学习？它对人的影响与纸质课本有何不同？基于梅耶多媒体学习理论，以电子课本和纸质课本两种阅读介质为例，对未成年人阅读过程中的眼动行为进行比较实验，结果表明：未成年人阅读纸质课本和电子课本的注意力分配有差异；电子课本阅读促进了更积极的交互，其测验成绩显著高于纸质课本，正文的观察时间和注视次数与测验成绩显著相关，但同时也增加了外在认知负荷。因此，设计人员在设计电子课本时应该兼顾学习者注意的广度和深度，实现各种多媒体学习内容的优势互补；家长和教师应该了解数字化阅读特点，适当引导未成年人的电子课本使用。

Comparison of the Eye-Tracking Behaviors of Juveniles in the Different Medium Readings

As the digital reading materials are growing rapidly, the traditional paper media and the digital media have become the two important mediums by which the learners can obtain the learning resources. In the field of basic education, e-textbook is the product emerged in the application of digital reading and learning paradigm reform, and the effect is now being expected. How does the e-textbook promote the learning？ Compared to thetraditional textbook, what are the impacts of digital textbook？ This study based on Mayer＇s multimedia learning theory, taking the e-textbook and the paper textbook as the two kinds of reading mediums for example, to compare the differences of the eye-tracking behaviors of juveniles in the reading process. The results showed that： there are some differences in the distribution of attention in the reading processes of paper textbook and e-textbook; more positive interactions are promoted in the reading of e-textbook; the test score of reading the e-textbook is significantly higher than that of the traditional textbook; the test score is significantly correlated with the observation time and fixation counts on the text area, but meanwhile the extraneous cognitive workload is increased. Therefore, we should take the width and depth of the learner＇s attention into account when designing the e-textbook, to realize the complementary advantages of various multimedia learning contents. Moreover, parents and teachers should understand the characteristics of digital reading, and guide the juvenile to use the e-textbook properly