龟兹石窟壁画僧衣考

僧衣是佛教信徒形象的标志,又是佛教戒律的重要内容,还有成就功德的内涵。佛教对僧衣有严格的轨制要求。随着佛教的发展,特别是部派佛教时期,为了区分不同派别,易于识别派属身份,各派在僧衣颜色和样式上各有自己的特征。说一切有部比较考究僧衣标识,制定了与众不同的式样标准。龟兹石窟壁画中的供养比丘和佛教故事中的比丘僧衣,充分反映出说一切有部的僧衣特色。本文通过佛教文献和龟兹石窟壁画对照,并用唐代义净《南海寄归内法传》中有关印度说一切有部"著衣法式"等记载,对龟兹石窟僧衣的相关问题作探索与考证。

A study of monastic dressing in Kucha Murals

Kachāya and Uttarasamghāti,dress of the priesthood and important Buddhist conception of ascetic morality and achievements and monastic discipline.Following development of Buddhism,especially entering Sectarian Buddhism period,differential style and color of monastic dressing were settled up for distinction them from one or another school.The school of all beings had refined upon their dressing and had theirs own distinctive style.This distinctive monastic dressing style had reflected in Kucha mural execution.Based on a textual research and iconographic study with the Kucha murals,this article had exploring and testified the monastic dressing in Kucha Grottoes and the relative questions.