中国传统文化中的"尊卑"思想与并列式成语的语义构词原则

语言不是一个封闭的体系,而是开放的,是客观现实、社会文化、认知能力等各种因素综合的产物.语言单位,特别是成语,体现了人们对客观世界的认知和态度,记述了一个民族的心理理念和价值取向.文化的发展能够推动和促进语言的发展,同样,语言的发展和丰富也是整个文化发展的必要前提.正因为语言和文化有这样紧密特殊的联系,所以人们通常把语言作为文化的载体,当作反映民族文化的一面镜子.综观中国古代社会,等级观念和礼制联系紧密,所以,对社会生活的控制强化了等级序列,人们的民族心理也愈来愈趋向崇"尊贵",贬"卑贱".作为文化载体的语言单位,尤其是成语,在这方面表现尤为突出.文章从性别、方位、动物图腾、空间、器官、数字、朴素自然等八个大的方面对成语中的"尊卑"现象进行阐释.

'Seniors and Juniors' Idea in Traditional Culture of China and Semantic Word-formation Rules of Co-ordinate Structure Idioms

Language isn't a closed , but open and dependent system. It is the production of objective reality?social culture?physiologic basis?cognitive ability etc. Linguistic units, especially idioms, embodies people's cognition and attitude about the objective world, narrated mental and value notion of the nation. Including its use, it can't exceed culture and exist independently. Furthermore, it can' break away from the nation to spread. The development of culture can promote the development of language. The development and abundance of language is also essential precondition of whole culture development because of compact connection between language and cultural carrier and mirror. During ancient time, China is a polite notion, but it is difficult to depart grade notion and polite system, so the control of society strengthened grade system. People begin to worship honor gradually. Linguistic units, as a cultural carrier, especially idioms, are stressed. This paper explains superiors and inferiors of idioms form sexual distinction, position, animal totem, space, organ, figure, simple nature etc.