
家庭农场绿色防控技术政策偏好与补偿意愿
Family farms’ policy preferences and willingness to accept compensation on green pest control techniques
病虫害绿色防控技术对实现化学农药减量控害和促进农业可持发展具有重要作用。本文以黄淮海平原的371户家庭农场为例,运用选择实验法,在通过事前“暖身”和“披露”来消除排序效应,并采用推断性属性非参与方法对家庭农场忽略的属性进行信息处理的基础上,构建分层贝叶斯广义混合Logit模型,探讨家庭农场对绿色防控技术推广政策的偏好,并估计家庭农场绿色防控技术采纳的平均补偿意愿及各政策属性边际补偿意愿,以便为政府制定更具针对性和可操作性的推广政策,以及合理的补偿金额提供参考依据。研究发现:家庭农场尤其偏好政府对其进行销售、资金和技术支持;在面临相同的推广政策属性组合时,农场主务农年限越短、受教育水平越高、资产状况越充裕和劳动力数量越少的家庭农场,其绿色防控覆盖率增加的可能性越大;家庭农场的平均补偿意愿为99.66元/亩,各政策属性边际补偿意愿从高到低依次为销售支持(14.75元/亩)、信贷支持(13.75元/亩)、技术支持(12.21元/亩)和保险支持(0.27元/亩)。因此,应将推广政策聚焦于销售、资金和技术3个方面;以农场主务农年限短、受教育水平高、资产状况充裕、劳动力数量少的家庭农场为重点推广对象;结合地区各政策支持力度的变化,灵活地调整具体补贴金额。
Green pest control techniques play an important role in reducing and controlling the usage of chemical pesticides and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture. Based on the data of 371 family farms in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, this study used the choice experiment method to eliminate the ordering effect through “warm-up” and “disclosure,” and the inferred attribute nonattendance method to process information that is ignored by the family farms. On these bases, a generalized mixed logit model was constructed to estimate the parameters. With the aid of hierarchical Bayesian estimation, the preference of family farms for green control techniques extension policies was explored. Then we estimated the average willingness to accept compensation for the adoption of green control techniques for family farms and the marginal willingness to accept for various policy attributes, which provide a reference for the government to formulate more targeted and operational extension policies and reasonable compensation amounts. The results show that family farms particularly prefer sales, financing, and technical support. With the same combination of extension policy attributes, the family farms with shorter farming years and higher education levels of farmers, better asset conditions, and smaller number of laborers are more likely to increase their green control techniques coverage; the farms’ average willingness to accept compensation is at 99.66 yuan/mu, and the marginal willingness to accept from low to high was insurance support (0.27 yuan/mu), technical support (12.21 yuan/mu), credit support (13.75 yuan/mu), and sales support (14.75 yuan/mu). Therefore, extension policies should be focused on sales, funding, and technical aspects; focus on family farms with fewer years of farming of the farmers, high level of farmer education, abundant assets, and small number of laborers; the specific subsidy amount can be flexibly adjusted according to the changes of policy support in different regions.
家庭农场 / 病虫害绿色防控技术 / 广义混合Logit模型 / 政策偏好 / 补偿意愿 / 黄淮海平原 {{custom_keyword}} /
family farms / green pest control techniques / generalized mixed logit model / policy preference / willingness to accept / Huang-Huai-Hai Plain {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 选择实验卡示例Table 1 An example of choice experimental card |
属性 | 政策属性组合一 | 政策属性组合二 | 均不选择 |
---|---|---|---|
政府补贴 | 每亩50元 | 每亩150元 | 我不采纳GCT |
保险支持 | 80% | 90% | |
技术支持 | 多于7次 | 少于4次 | |
信贷支持 | 5万元 | 20万元 | |
宣传推广 | 5~10次 | 5次以下 | |
销售支持 | 销售支持力度一般 | 销售支持力度一般 | |
GCT覆盖率变化 | 增加15% | 增加30% | |
您的选择(划“√ ”) | □ | □ | □ |
表2 家庭农场特征变量含义、赋值及描述性统计分析Table 2 Meaning, value assignment, and descriptive statistical analysis of family farms’ characteristic variables |
变量类别 | 变量 | 变量含义及赋值 | 均值 | 标准差 |
---|---|---|---|---|
农场主特征 | 务农年限 | 农场主实际务农时间/年 | 11.63 | 2.85 |
受教育水平 | 农场主受教育年限/年 | 9.94 | 2.39 | |
生产经营特征 | 资产状况 | 非常匮乏=1;一般=2;非常充裕=3 | 1.72 | 0.73 |
劳动力数量 | 家庭成员中具有劳动能力的人数与长期雇工总合/人 | 5.11 | 1.99 | |
耕地规模 | 家庭农场实际经营耕地面积/亩 | 148.22 | 99.17 | |
GCT亩均采纳成本 | 非常低=1;一般=2;非常高=3 | 2.03 | 0.69 | |
心理认知特征 | 对GCT的认知水平 | 非常低=1;一般=2;非常高=3 | 1.94 | 0.78 |
对推广政策的认知水平 | 非常低=1;一般=2;非常高=3 | 1.98 | 0.72 |
表3 信息处理的结果Table 3 Results of information processing |
属性 | 被忽略次数 | 比例/% |
---|---|---|
政府补贴 | 6 | 1.62 |
保险支持 | 19 | 5.12 |
技术支持 | 10 | 2.70 |
信贷支持 | 13 | 3.50 |
宣传推广 | 23 | 6.20 |
销售支持 | 9 | 2.43 |
表4 广义混合Logit模型的估计结果Table 4 Generalized mixed logit model estimation results |
变量 | 系数 | 标准误 | 变量 | 系数 | 标准误 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
均值系数 | ASCד一般” | 0.047 | 0.033 | ||
ASC | -0.531*** | 0.159 | ASCד非常高” | 0.049 | 0.037 |
政府补贴 | 0.133*** | 0.047 | ASC×对GCT的认知水平(以“非常低”为参照) | ||
保险支持 | 0.036*** | 0.011 | ASCד一般” | -0.029 | 0.020 |
技术支持 | 1.624** | 0.713 | ASCד非常高” | -0.032 | 0.023 |
信贷支持 | 1.829** | 0.887 | ASC×对推广政策的认知水平(以“非常低”为参照) | ||
宣传推广 | 0.008 | 0.009 | ASCד一般” | -0.030 | 0.021 |
销售支持 | 1.962*** | 0.558 | ASCד非常高” | -0.035 | 0.029 |
GCT覆盖率 | 0.102** | 0.041 | 标准差系数 | ||
ASC×务农年限 | 0.071* | 0.037 | 政府补贴 | 0.188 | 0.141 |
ASC×受教育水平 | -0.046** | 0.019 | 保险支持 | 0.279*** | 0.099 |
ASC×资产状况(以“非常匮乏”为参照) | 技术支持 | 0.283** | 0.142 | ||
ASCד一般” | -0.053** | 0.026 | 信贷支持 | 0.415 | 0.268 |
ASCד非常充裕” | -0.056* | 0.029 | 宣传推广 | 0.319 | 0.230 |
ASC×劳动力数量 | 0.036* | 0.019 | 销售支持 | 0.377 | 0.259 |
ASC×耕地规模 | -0.065 | 0.046 | 规模异质性检验 | ||
ASC×GCT亩均采纳成本(以“非常低”为参照) | Tau(τ) | 0.276*** |
注:***、**和*分别表示在1%、5%和10%的统计水平上显著。 |
表5 家庭农场边际补偿意愿的测算结果Table 5 Results of the marginal willingness to accept compensation for family farms |
属性 | 边际补偿意愿(元/亩) | 位次 |
---|---|---|
保险支持 | -0.27 | 4 |
技术支持 | -12.21 | 3 |
信贷支持 | -13.75 | 2 |
销售支持 | -14.75 | 1 |
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