Network assembly of scientific communities of varying size and specificity

How does the collaboration network of researchers coalesce around a scientific topic? What sort of social restructuring occurs as a new field develops? Previous empirical explorations of these questions have examined the evolution of co-authorship networks associated with several fields of science, each noting a characteristic shift in network structure as fields develop. Historically, however, such studies have tended to rely on manually annotated datasets and therefore only consider a handful of disciplines, calling into question the universality of the observed structural signature. To overcome this limitation and test the robustness of this phenomenon, we use a comprehensive dataset of over 189,000 scientific articles and develop a framework for partitioning articles and their authors into coherent, semantically related groups representing scientific fields of varying size and specificity. We then use the resulting population of fields to study the structure of evolving co-authorship networks. Consistent with earlier findings, we observe a global topological transition as the co-authorship networks coalesce from a disjointed aggregate into a dense giant connected component that dominates the network. We validate these results using a separate, complimentary corpus of scientific articles, and, overall, we find that the previously reported characteristic structural evolution of a scientific field's associated co-authorship network is robust across a large number of scientific fields of varying size, scope, and specificity. Additionally, the framework developed in this study may be used in other scientometric contexts in order to extend studies to compare across a larger range of scientific disciplines.     

Structure of the social network of Beninese library and information professionals

This paper aims the Benin Library and Information Science (LIS) professionals’ access to individuals on the social network through the study of the structure and use of the network. Subscribers to the library association’s listserv participated in a web-based survey to identify the colleagues they could easily reach. The analysis uses social network techniques and Pajek, a social network analysis software, and focuses on centralities, prestige and sub-groups to identify the key actors required for effective information sharing within the network.The density of this is very low and suggests that intermediaries are important for the connectedness of subscribers (also referred to as actors); network centralisation is moderate and explains that some actors are central for communication among the subscribers. About 60% of the subscribers fall within one of two groups. In the first group, six subscribers are central to the network, because they are moderators of the listserv, members of the association board, or well-connected to other well-connected actors. The others fall within the isolates or had few connections.     

Structure of the social network of Beninese library and information professionals

This paper aims the Benin Library and Information Science (LIS) professionals’ access to individuals on the social network through the study of the structure and use of the network. Subscribers to the library association’s listserv participated in a web-based survey to identify the colleagues they could easily reach. The analysis uses social network techniques and Pajek, a social network analysis software, and focuses on centralities, prestige and sub-groups to identify the key actors required for effective information sharing within the network.

The density of this is very low and suggests that intermediaries are important for the connectedness of subscribers (also referred to as actors); network centralisation is moderate and explains that some actors are central for communication among the subscribers. About 60% of the subscribers fall within one of two groups. In the first group, six subscribers are central to the network, because they are moderators of the listserv, members of the association board, or well-connected to other well-connected actors. The others fall within the isolates or had few connections.     

图书馆图书借阅系统与单标度二元网络模型

本文从网络的角度 ,研究了图书馆这样一种有趣的复杂系统。读者和图书之间通过借阅建立联系 ,可以在两个层次上用网络语言来描述 ,即二元 (读者—图书 )和单元 (读者—读者 ,图书—图书 )网络。我们以研究配位数分布为工具 ,研究了北京师范大学图书馆外借处图书在 14个月内的借阅情况所构成的网络 ,发现其体现了很好的单标度性质 ,即配位数分布体现为一指数衰减的形式。随后提出了一个单标度二元网络模型 ,对此进行解释 ,定性地重现了这一实测结果。     

论图书馆组织文化建设与人力资源管理

文章阐述图书馆人力资源管理的现状以及文化管理的特点,着重论述如何培育优秀的图书馆组织文化,以文教化,促进图书馆人力资源的开发与管理.     

论国家文献信息资源保障体系建设

建设国家文献信息资源保障体系具有重要意义。有国家的政策支持,有雄厚的信息资源基础和先进的技术支持,建设科学的国家信息资源保障体系是完全可行的。建设中要遵守用户至上、适合国情、共知共享和科学性、系统性等原则。体系的文献信息采购模式可采用补贴型与平台型结合的模式,其组织模式可采用高级理事会的模式。保障体系应注意处理好各类资源及其拥有与存取的关系问题。参考文献14。     

An Investigation of the Relationship between Implicit Personal Theories of Communication and Community Behavior

A waning sense of community has been well documented and widely accepted as among the most significant problems of our time. Both social capital (trust in others and civic participation) and interpersonal acts of assistance (or helping) are considered to be common indicators of community. The question of whether certain personally held beliefs about communication correspond to differences in individuals' community behavior is a timely and important one. This study investigated whether individuals' levels of social capital and prosocial behavior differed as a function of message design logic. Results indicated that individuals employing the rhetorical message design logic reported significantly greater levels of social capital and prosocial behavior than did those employing expressive or conventional message design logics. The implications of this difference for communication scholarship and community health are discussed.     

International collaboration in science and the formation of a core group

International collaboration as measured by co-authorship relations on refereed papers grew linearly from 1990 to 2005 in terms of the number of papers, but exponentially in terms of the number of international addresses. This confirms Persson et al.'s [Persson, O., Glänzel, W., & Danell, R. (2004). Inflationary bibliometrics values: The role of scientific collaboration and the need for relative indicators in evaluative studies. Scientometrics, 60(3), 421–432] hypothesis of an inflation in international collaboration. Patterns in international collaboration in science can be considered as network effects, since there is no political institution mediating relationships at that level except for the initiatives of the European Commission. Science at the international level shares features with other complex adaptive systems whose order arises from the interactions of hundreds of agents pursuing self-interested strategies. During the period 2000–2005, the network of global collaborations appears to have reinforced the formation of a core group of fourteen most cooperative countries. This core group can be expected to use knowledge from the global network with great efficiency, since these countries have strong national systems. Countries at the periphery may be disadvantaged by the increased strength of the core.     

省级党校图书馆在网络环境下的馆藏控制

结合省级党校图书馆的功能与馆藏建设要求,从馆藏征集、馆藏剔旧与馆藏组织三方面,探讨了网络环境下图书馆的馆藏控制.     

试论传播学研究的多元方法

本文分析了镜式、灯式、神话式等三种传播研究方式,认为我国传播学研究存在三种态势,建议我国的传播学研究走“学术趣味”+“现实关怀”的道路。     

论社会责任与科技期刊的发展

承担社会责任是中国科技期刊发展中应有之义,在科技期刊发展面临公信力下降、政治责任意识下滑和创新意识滞后等诸多问题的情况下,科技期刊只有勇于承担社会责任,担当起推动科技创新和发展的神圣使命,才能提升自身形象,确保可持续发展.     

国内外医学期刊网站现状及分析

通过互联网了解国内外不同医学期刊网站建设的现状,对比发现国内与国外医学期刊的网站建设差距明显.对差距产生的原因做一分析并提出改进建议.     

论高校图书馆网络信息资源组织

本文根据网络信息资源的特点,分析讨论了当前高校图书馆信息资源组织存在的问题,论述了网络信息资源的选择与收集以及网络信息资源的组织方法等问题。     

我国“211”高校图书馆对随书光盘资源网上组织与揭示现状调查分析

文章对我国211高校图书馆随书光盘资源网上组织与揭示的现状做了调查,对其存在的问题进行分析,在此基础上探讨了我国高校图书馆对随书光盘资源网上组织与揭示的建设策略。     

网络信息安全人因失误发现及其纠正框架

网络信息安全人因失误发现是人因失误分析及其纠正的起点,人因失误发现的重要途径是通过4个方面的比较实现：预计效果与实现结果;设备失效与自身的失误效果;计划行为与执行行为;意图与计划,从它们之间的失配,发现信息安全人因失误。论文提出一种网络信息安全人因失误纠正框架,主要从人因失误分析与确定、纠正计划及其实施三个方面展开。失误分析与确定是通过调查研究,对人因失误原因进行说明与辨识;通过构建纠正框架,期望及时发现并纠正人因失误,从而有效控制并相应减少人因失误的发生。     

论创建适应并促进图情事业发展的组织文化

提出在中国图书馆界创建组织文化的命题, 阐述什么是文化、组织文化、图书馆组织文化, 从图书馆的性质和发展论述为什么要创建图书馆组织文化, 指出创建图书馆组织文化6大环节和问题。最后介绍近年来上海图书馆上海科学技术情报研究所在组织文化创建工作方面的实践探索。     

高校图书馆人力资源开发与管理新机制探析

文章分析了高校图书馆人力资源开发与管理工作中存在的问题;提出高校图书馆人力资源开发与管理的新机制及实现新机制的对策.     

On the relationship between download and citation counts: An introduction of Granger-causality inference

Studies on the relationship between the numbers of citations and downloads of scientific publications is beneficial for understanding the mechanism of citation patterns and research evaluation. However, seldom studies have considered directionality issues between downloads and citations or adopted a case-by-case time lag length between the download and citation time series of each individual publication. In this paper, we introduce the Granger-causal inference strategy to study the directionality between downloads and citations and set up the length of time lag between the time series for each case. By researching the publications on the Lancet, we find that publications have various directionality patterns, but highly cited publications tend to feature greater possibilities to have Granger causality. We apply a step-by-step manner to introduce the Granger-causal inference method to information science as four steps, namely conducting stationarity tests, determining time lag between time series, establishing cointegration test, and implementing Granger-causality inference. We hope that this method can be applied by future information scientists in their own research contexts.     

图书馆展览服务的社会性和多功能性探讨

展览服务应反映社会需求和时代特征，即突出其教育性、信息性、人文性。展览的形式不应是单一的、封闭的，而应是多功能的、开放的、互动的。     

论图书馆和“人与文化”的共同建构

图书馆承担着为提升国家文化软实力、建设文化强国战略目标服务的职责与使命.在文化背景下,文章阐述现代图书馆是“人与文化”共同建构的统一体,是“人与文化”的共同存在.图书馆的文化意义在于促进“人文化成”.在文化语境中,对图书馆和“人与文化”的共同建构进行学理探究,提出推进共同建构的策略,揭示共同建构的哲学意义.