数学公式审读的比较分析方法

数学公式的正确与否直接关系到科技论文的科学性,因此,编辑加工中对数学公式的审读十分重要。该文从数学公式间的对称、相似、因果和对应关系中发现规律,运用编辑方法论中的比较分析方法考察数学公式的科学性,并阐述比较分析方法的具体应用。     

A brief history of the mathematical literature

The purpose of this article is to review the development of the mathematical literature by briefly tracing the history of mathematical communication leading to the founding of Mathematical Reviews in 1940. We touch on the formation of the accademies and the mathematical societies, and mention some of the early journals published by these groups. Finally we discuss the emergence of the mathematical reviewing journals. We do not discuss the growth of privately circulated unpublished literature, conference proceedings or the recent development of electronic form of communication in mathematics.     

期刊质量评价的二维排序方法

为了克服一般期刊质量评价方法的不足,提出一种新的期刊质量评价方法--二维排序评价法.将期刊质量评价的内容分为外在的和内在的2个方面,以期刊的社会影响力和期刊的日常编辑出版工作组成期刊评价的二维指标,将二维指标分解成若干个具体的评价参数,评价人只需针对每一个评价参数将参加评价的期刊相互比较后排序,并给出具体的名次,而不需要给出具体的分值.通过对评价人排出的名次进行数据处理,然后加权求和得到二维评价指标的结果,再将此结果相乘便得到每一种期刊的质量评价结果.     

Attacker's advantages in a homogeneous market: The case of GSM

Abstract

This article deals with the market entry and competitive strategies of two third entrants into the Western European GSM market: The Greek mobile communications operator Cosmote and the German operator E‐Plus. Starting point of our research is the analysis of the entire Western European GSM market, which shows a broad variance in performance indicators of the operators although the market characteristics regarding the product, the supply and the demand side are quite homogeneous. In order to explain the performance variance and the success of late movers we examine the market entry and competitive strategy of the most successful third entrant in Western Europe, Cosmote, and contrast this case to E‐Plus. The market environment and the company characteristics of both companies are similar, but their performance differs significantly. The major results of our analysis are (1) that quality of service, including particularly the network coverage at launch and in the first stage, is more important than time to market, (2) that the image of an operator depends strongly from the customer's perception in the starting phase, and (3) that the commitment in combination with the resources of the shareholders are crucial for the operators’ success.     

A mathematical characterization of the Hirsch-index by means of minimal increments

The minimum configuration to have a h-index equal to h is h papers each having h citations, hence h² citations in total. To increase the h-index to h + 1 we minimally need (h + 1)² citations, an increment of I₁(h) = 2h + 1. The latter number increases with 2 per unit increase of h. This increment of the second order is denoted I₂(h) = 2.If we define I₁ and I₂ for a general Hirsch configuration (say n papers each having f(n) citations) we calculate I₁(f) and I₂(f) similarly as for the h-index. We characterize all functions f for which I₂(f) = 2 and show that this can be obtained for functions f(n) different from the h-index. We show that f(n) = n (i.e. the h-index) if and only if I₂(f) = 2, f(1) = 1 and f(2) = 2.We give a similar characterization for the threshold index (where n papers have a constant number C of citations). Here we deal with second order increments I₂(f) = 0.     

A test of a model for predicting strategy choice

Fishbein and Ajzen's model for Reasoned Action was applied to the context of message‐strategy choice. It was felt that the cognitive process described by the model would be useful in predicting which message‐strategy a person would use in conflict. Three propositions were derived from the literature on strategy choice and the theory. First, it was proposed that the use of a particular message‐strategy could be predicted from a person's intentions. Second, it was proposed that attitudes about outcomes, and attitudes based in social norms would predict intentions. Third, it was proposed that after an opponent had not complied with a person on a previous influence attempt, the social norm component would, no longer contribute to the prediction of intentions. The first two propositions were supported. The third proposition, however, was not supported.     

Assessing R&D efficiency using a two-stage dynamic DEA model: A case study of research institutes in the Chinese Academy of Sciences

Various studies have been devoted to the evaluation of the research and development (R&D) performances of universities and research institutes. However, existing studies tend to focus on static systems, that is, systems with no intertemporal effect. To tackle this issue, this study attempts to assess relative R&D efficiency of institutes from a dynamic perspective. The unified two-stage model proposed by Kao (2017) made a contribution to combining division efficiencies in the multiplier form with frontier projections in the envelopment form in a unified framework. We develop his model in a dynamic framework into which the effects of carry-over activities are embedded across the period. If the dynamic effects in the efficiency measures are not considered, the results will be biased. This is one of the few studies to examine dynamic effects within the framework of the R&D process. Our analysis is based on samples of 17 research institutes in the Chinese Academy of Sciences over the period of 2012–2015. When compared with the proposed data envelope analysis (DEA) model, results show that the static DEA model may underestimate the R&D efficiency scores. The institutes experienced significant improvements in system efficiency, mainly due to the improvements in transfer efficiency. However, there is still much room for improvement in transferring scientific and technological (S&T) achievements. We also find that the resource scale played an important role in influencing basic research. Finally, the projections of inefficient institutes indicate that most institutes had insufficient carry-over inputs (newly approved projects and management cost) based on the average four-year values, and existing slack resources for managers to improve the future performance.     

A comparison of Scopus and WoS database subject classifiers in mathematical disciplines

This paper presents a method for comparing the subject headings of Scopus and WoS classifiers that has been tested based on examples in the field of mathematical disciplines. Semantic relationships of subject headings are explored by using intelligent analysis of keyword and expression clustering. The results are presented in the form of a correspondence table for the subject headings of the classifiers.     

科技论著中人工语言的深度编辑加工和规范使用——以数学模型为例

数学模型是科技论著中人工语言的主要组成部分之一,规范数学模型中量符号的用法,是人工语言深度编辑加工的一个典型代表.为规范科技论著中人工语言尤其是数学模型中量符号的规范使用,在分析科技论著数学模型编辑加工现状的基础上,并借鉴他人已有研究成果,归纳了量符号的使用原则.结合示例分析,阐述数学模型中量符号的规范用法.分析了科技论著中人工语言尤其是数学模型中量符号使用不规范的原因,提出了提高人工语言质量的措施:提高科技编辑的编校质量意识、对人工语言的认知度;开发客观、科学、完善、可行的期刊评价指标体系;出台编校质量方面的国家标准、行业标准,追踪监管国标贯彻执行情况;加大审读力度,管理部门对期刊的管理实施全过程管理.     

A model of empathic communication

This study examines a path model of empathic communication. Several empathie structures are predicted to influence the process of empathie communication. Results show that humanistic orientation predicted perspective‐taking, which predicted communicative responsiveness, which predicted comforting. Empathie concern and emotional responsiveness were eliminated from the model The parameter estimates and predicted correlations among the remaining variables were all statistically significant (p < .05). In addition, self‐rated comforting and independent ratings correlated at only .51, with the former exhibiting higher correlations with other variable.     

A model for a new approach to federal government information access and dissemination

The potential of electronic technologies to reduce costs, increase access, and decentralize federal information dissemination activities has sparked several legislative reorganization proposals. Congress has also called on the U.S. Government Printing Office to plan for a more electronic Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP). Realizing that developments to data were only opening salvos, the American Library Association President convened a Forum on Government Information Policy in July 1995. Representatives of several library associations developed a “Model for New Universe of Federal Information Access and Dissemination.” This article discusses the New Universe model, which includes two preliminary proposals: to reconceptualize federal information access and dissemination responsibilities and to reinvent the FDLP as a federal/ state/local library partnership program.     

知识生态系统模型比较研究

总结了哲学、乔治.珀尔、种群生态学、生态学组分等意义上的知识生态系统模型。分析了各类模型在支撑基础、知识环境、网络循环方面的共性,探讨了它们在研究维度、学科归属、学术思想上的差异。     

情报语言漫笔(D)

张琪玉先进《情报语言漫笔》系列之四，收录索引学专题研究文章4篇。     

A model to explain information seeking behaviour by individuals in the response phase of a disaster

This Australian study establishes a model that provides a foundation for communication channels and tools selection by agencies in the post-warning response phase of a disaster. The model, developed from disaster and information seeking literature, attempts to predict information source and channel selection by people after their community has received a warning for a disaster. It provides the coding framework for analysis of 51 semi-structured interviews with disaster-affected Australians. The interviews tested the model for accommodation of channels and sources that people chose, found most useful, and used most in bushfire, slow flood, flash flood, and cyclone situations. The order of initial sources was investigated and preliminary information seeking pathways established across disaster types. The disaster information seeking model supports this investigation of information seeking behaviour, though improvements are suggested. The resulting model could guide agency response communication for different disaster types.     

A lifecycle model of the scientific communication process

A formal model of the scientific communication process is presented using the IDEF0 notation. The model provides a roadmap for policy discussions and further research. In comparison to earlier models it is more detailed and hierarchical, and includes more modelling constructs. It includes the whole communication value chain, from initial research to the assimilation of research results to everyday practice. Although the model treats both informal and formal communication, as well as the publishing of data, its focus is on modelling the publishing and indexing of traditional peer‐reviewed journal articles, and finding and retrieving them. New developments enabled by the Internet, such as open access journals and e‐print repositories, are also included.     

A Content Analysis of 3D Printing Policies at Academic Libraries

Many academic libraries are adopting 3D printing programs and researching, writing, and implementing policies for these programs. This article analyzes the content of 50 academic library 3D printing policies looking for commonalities. Five major themes emerged from the analysis: the policy's purpose, potential users of the 3D printers, 3D printing procedures, the acceptable uses of the 3D printers, and user privacy considerations. This article provides a breakdown of these five major themes.     

Testing a model of value argument and evidence

The purpose of this paper is to develop a model of negotiation rule use that incorporates both content and relational dimensions of communication and focuses upon interaction as the dependent variable. Fourteen negotiation rules are hypothesized to structure the negotiation interaction. From these rules fourteen interaction analysis categories are developed—with seven assessing how negotiators respond to one another and seven assessing how negotiators cue or constrain the opponent's next utterance. Interactions in mock negotiations are coded using this category scheme and placed into cue‐response transition matrices. The differences in interaction patterns among winners and losers are used to assess the extent to which the rules structure the negotiation interaction.