The ontological unity of bibliographic information and metadata

This paper explores the common nature of bibliographic information and metadata based on their comparative analysis and the narrative reconstruction of their genesis. An ontological definition of metadata is proposed.     

The nature of geospatial information and security

Somewhere in the vicinity of 80 percent of all governmental information has some “geographic” element, and the vast majority is called “geospatial” because of the nature of describing spatial phenomena of the earth. Geospatial information has been increasing steadily in popularity and use since the advent of geographic information systems in the 1960s. From the early 1990s until the present, research libraries have seen an increase in the availability of geospatial information, and they have also seen a substantial change in the services provided to support the needs of clients seeking that information. However, recent events have altered the “access landscape.” September 11, 2001, and subsequent events, caused many policy shifts to take place as to how, or whether, access to governmental geospatial information should be granted. This paper explores those policy developments with the goal of prognosticating on the future of access to governmental geospatial information.     

The trust continuum in the information age: a Canadian perspective

This paper examines the role of trust in the information continuum. It argues that in the context of Canadian federal government records, an analogous ??trust continuum?? is a useful model for analysing the relationships that exist between creator, archives and user in the information-abundant environment. The paper borrows from sociological theory to posit that creator, archives and user are bound together in a complex expert system that facilitates trust and mitigates risk in a broad societal context and contends that these interactions are shaped at the macro level by a dominant public discourse of accountability. These points are illustrated through three recent examples at Library and Archives Canada. First, the relationship between Canadian society and the archives is explored by interrogating the concept of relevance and assessing the feasibility of managing a pan-Canadian collection via a national network of knowledge institutions. Then, the role of trust between the archives and the creator in the management of government digital information resources is examined in light of the recently issued Directive on Recordkeeping, and in the context of LAC??s Trusted Digital Repository. Finally, Commissions of Inquiry??and the Indian Specific Claims Commission in particular??demonstrate both the power of archival records in repairing trust between a society and its government and the iterative nature of the relationship between the user and the archives.     

Homeland security and information

A new phrase—“homeland security”—has come into popular parlance in the aftermath of recent terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. As an evolving concept, it draws definition from, and has implications for, various policy areas and actions. This introductory essay reviews the development of two similar policy concepts—national security and internal security—before exploring homeland security, and the significance of each for information policy and practice.     

The impact of overclassification on personnel and information security

Unnecessary and unwarranted classification adversely affects both information and personnel security systems in a variety of ways. This study explores the range of possible repercussions and identifies the findings and recommendations of major examinations of these systems over the past thirty years. Although consensus exists that Overclassification poses problems for information and personnel security, wide disagreement is evident over the perceived centrality and seriousness of Overclassification, its principal causes, and its remedies. Nowhere are these differences more manifest than in the assumptions, conclusions, and recommendations emerging from the Reagan Administration and Congress in 1985.     

The results of priority research in the field of information security

The main factors that currently contribute to the increase of the vulnerability of computer information are considered. The dynamics of a number of promising scientific research areas in the field of information security (cryptography, computer steganography, and biometric information-protection systems) are analyzed based on Russian and foreign publications from VINITI databases over the past decade. The obtained data to a certain extent reflect the direction of the development of these research areas, which is defined by corresponding publication streams.     

National security and information technology: The new regulatory option?

In examining national security as a new rationale for government regulation, this article summarizes recent developments in research and development, telecommunication services, telephone manufacturing, telecommunication networks, information processing, and U.S. import/export policy. It concludes that regulation as a policy strategy turns on how one defines national security.     

National security controls on information and communication in Australia

National security controls on information and communication have been realized in Australia through various intelligence agencies and acts of the Parliament which, to varying degrees, restrict public access to documents regarded as essential to the “national interest.” This overview describes these entities and laws as well as the role of the Freedom of Information Act. It concludes that, in stark contrast to the United States, there has been a “freeing-up” of national security controls on information and communication in Australia in recent years.     

Macroproblems of the information security of man and society

This paper considers the aspects of the interactions between people and the information environment and problems of the information security of a personality and society as a whole with allowance for such factors as the globalization of the world economy, introduction of new information technologies (including robotic systems and artificial intelligence systems), and the development of the semantic Internet and mass media. The problems of using the Internet network and mass media due to the psychological impact of negative information on people and society are discussed. Some recommendations, conclusions, and the most urgent tasks of supporting the information security of society are formulated.     

Organizational-legal support for the information security of an organization

The legal support for information security is found in two conditionally independent areas: the macro area, which is external in relation to organizational factors, and the micro area, which includes internal legal factors. In this paper the federal legislation is examined and the fundamental and private principles of construction of a legal basis of information in Russia are noted. It is underlined that the legal macro support of an organization is incomplete and does not protect the interests of the private owner of information. The author reviews micro support and the approximate structure and content of internal legal regulations of an organization are proposed as well. The principles of organizational support for the protection of information are made. The role of the human factor in the support of security of information is justified.     

The status and development of online information retrieval in the biomedical field in Czechoslovakia

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