区域技术创新生态系统的特征

本文提出了区域技术创新生态系统的概念，并阐述了其必要性。本文认为，区域技术创新生态系统具有一般系统的共同属性与整体运动规律，这就是它的整体性、层次性、耗散性、动态性、稳定性、复杂性和调控性。     

企业技术创新生态系统探析

企业的技术创新活动形成一个动态的生态系统,该系统与自然生态系统有某些相似性。企业技术创新生态系统由实施和影响技术创新活动的机构、制度及周边环境要素的总和构成。企业技术创新生态系统是一种耗散结构,具有开放性和目的性,系统要素之间存在着有序的流动,系统具有稳定性和平衡性的特征。从生态系统的角度研究企业技术创新系统,将会给创新管理提供一种新的视角。     

区域技术创新生态系统健康评价初探

文章提出了区域技术创新生态系统健康的概念,并进行了生态系统健康评价与区域技术创新生态系统健康评价的类比分析。在此基础上,提出相关评价指标及其对应的生态学含义。     

企业技术创新生态系统及其制约因素

生态系统为企业技术创新于社会资源的协同进化提供了一种实现模式,笔者基于技术创新的知识集聚本质,阐释企业技术创新生态系统管理学内涵及其组成要素,并对制约技术创新生态系统进化的因素进行分析。     

技术创新的社会建构

本文从社会学视角出发,认为经济理性的假定不能完整解释技术创新的运作.技术创新作为一种社会行为可以被理解为创新主体(企业家和企业)在工具理性和价值理性引导下的一种技术和经济相结合的社会过程.在此基础上论述了技术创新的社会系统、社会动力和社会运行机制问题.     

论技术创新的社会环境

<正> 70年代后期到80年代,世界上不少发展中国家和发达国家以及一些有影响的国际组织都纷纷开展了对技术创新的政策研究,成立了许多促进技术创新的组织机构,形成了针对不同类型技术创新的政策措施和组织措施。目前,世界范围的关于技术创新     

社会资本与技术创新的扩散

技术创新扩散是社会性过程。作者在总结了社会资本概念和特征之后,把其应用于对技术创新扩散过程的研究,指出社会资本在促进隐性知识的传递与扩散、提高资源配置能力与技术创新扩散的速度、潜在采用者范围和采用者总量以及技术创新的数量和能力等方面有积极作用。     

科学技术创新的分类

我们首次对“科学技术创新”从科学、形态、组织结构、功能、来源等十五个方面进行了粗略地分类,目的是帮助人们进一步正确认识和理解科学技术创新的本质和原理,指导人们更有效地开展技术创新活动。     

The commercialization of federally sponsored technological innovations

In a study of 40 federally sponsored innovation projects from five government agencies (UMTA, MARAD, DOE, NSF, and EPA), 35 of these cases had complete data on all variables for path analysis. Significantly, it was found that the probability of commercial succes of these innovations is predicted by the degree to which the innovations incorporate incremental as opposed to radically new technology (p<0.01), the pricing potential of the product or process (p<0.05) and the ease of introduction and implementation of the innovation (p<0.05). These three variables were found to account for 59% of the valid variance in potential commercial success. The project market potential, surprisingly, did not predict the probability of commercial success. It seems likely that the high percentage of projects in the sample that fell between certain commercial success and failure or were unresolved commercially could account for this result. No significant differences were found across the five agencies or the dependent variables of the study.     

技术创新研究的哲学视角

有关技术创新的研究,基于哲学视角的有G.多西根据科学哲学家库恩的范式理论提出的技术范式论,本文提出了可以应用拉卡托斯的《科学纲领方法论》中的硬核与保护带理论,分析技术创新的过程。技术创新过程实质上是技术硬核和技术保护带耦合的过程。     

The economic impact of technological and organizational innovations. A firm-level analysis

By using firm-level data provided by the last round of the (Italian) Community Innovation Survey (CIS4) this paper explores (in a manufacturing-services comparative framework) the relationship between technological and non-technological innovations and their impact on firms’ performances. The empirical evidence presented shows that including the organizational dimension of innovation provides a much more comprehensive picture of the variegated universe of innovation in both macro-sectors. Four distinct innovation modes have been identified on the basis of the ways firms combine technological and non-technological innovations. These different modes of innovation are present and relevant in both manufacturing and service sectors and have been found to have a differentiated impact on firms’ performances. Strategies characterized by the joint introduction of product, process and organizational innovations have been found to give to both manufacturing and service firms a clear competitive advantage vis à vis both non-innovating firms and firms with a narrow approach to innovation. A few significant differences between services and manufacturing firms in the relevance and economic impact of different types of innovation strategies have also been found.     

二元经济形态下技术创新双重主体模式的确立

在分析基础科学研究与工程技术发展关系的基础上 ,重新对技术创新的内涵和外延进行了界定 ;根据世界经济发展的基本规律 ,结合我国处于二元经济形态的实际情况 ,提出了我国推进技术创新战略的双重主体模式     

Activity theory for understanding and managing system innovations

This study aims to show how activity theory in the socio-technical systems paradigm can assist in understanding and managing system innovation. We conceptualize socio-technical systems to address societal needs as activity systems and system innovations as transformations of such systems. Transformations result from resolving contradictions that develop due to technical and social change within and between the activities carried out by various agencies to fulfill societal needs. Along this line, the explanation of system innovations focuses on identifying emerging contradictions, resolution initiatives, and their outcomes, whereas the governance of system innovations can be carried out by interactively developing policies through successive interventions to resolve contradictions. We demonstrate the employment of activity theory to understand the transformation of the recorded music socio-technical system towards streaming, as well as to facilitate the management of the transition of the olive oil-producing sector at the regional level towards a circular economy through the adoption of innovative waste-processing technology.     

Environmental management systems and technological environmental innovations: Exploring the causal relationship

Within the discussion of voluntary proactive approaches to environmental protection, former micro-econometric studies analyze the causal effect of the adoption of environmental management systems (EMS) on technological environmental innovations and find some positive impacts. Based on empirical studies which consider the effect of general innovativeness on the adoption of voluntary environmental programs (VEP) as well as based on insights from the resource-based view of the firm, we contrarily hypothesize in this paper that EMS could also reversely be affected by environmental product or process innovations. This hypothesis is empirically examined with a unique firm-level data set from the German manufacturing sector. Our econometric analyses with uni- and multivariate probit models imply a significantly positive effect of environmental process innovations on certified EMS. According to this, the causal relationship between EMS and technological environmental innovations is obviously not clear.     

基于技术创新的产业集群发展研究

产业集群已成为区域经济发展的重要模式.国内外大量学者对产业集群的技术创新能力问题进行了研究,但大多注重产业集群有利于技术创新的研究,而关于技术创新对产业集群发展的促进作用的研究甚少.在借鉴已有研究成果的基础上,从我国产业集群存在的不足出发,依据技术创新与产业集群因素片的关系,寻求以技术创新促进我国产业集群持续发展的对策建议.     

制度创新与技术创新互动理论评述及研究展望

评述近年来制度创新与技术创新互动关系理论的研究现状,分析制度创新与技术创新互动关系理论研究的不足,提出制度创新如何影响和促进技术创新是今后的研究方向.基于此,对制度创新影响技术创新进行初探,提出可从制度结构影响企业技术创新实现的角度开展研究.     

Toward a systematic framework for research on dominant designs, technological innovations, and industrial change

The concept of a dominant design has taken on a quasi-paradigmatic status in analyses of the link between technological and industrial dynamics. A review of the empirical literature reveals a variety of interpretations about some aspects of the phenomenon such as its underlying causal mechanisms and its level of analysis. To stimulate further progress in empirical research on dominant designs, we advocate a standardization of terminology by conceptualizing products as complex artifacts that evolve in the form of a nested hierarchy of technology cycles. Such a nested complex system perspective provides both unambiguous definitions of dominant designs (stable core components that can be stable interfaces) and inclusion of multiple levels of analysis (system, subsystems, components). We introduce the concept of an operational principle and offer a systematic definition of core and peripheral subsystems based on the concept of pleiotropy. We also discuss how the proposed terminological standardization can stimulate cumulative research on dominant designs.