How to Deal With Stress

While it is impossible to live completely free of stress, it is possible to prevent stress as well as reduce its effect when it can't be avoided. The US Department of Health and Human Services offers the following suggestions for ways to deal with stress. Try physical activity.When you are nervous, angry or upset, try releasing the pressure through exercise or physical activity. Running, walking, playing tennis, or working in your garden are just some of the activities you might try. Physical exercise will relieve your anxiety and worry and help you do relax. Your body and your mind will work together to ease the stress in your life.     

An Analysis of Diplomatic Escort Interpreting from the Perspective of Contextual Adaptation

Verschueren’s Theory of Adaptation argues that the process of using language is the result of the language users consciously make continuous linguistic choices and adapt to the contexts, consciously or unconsciously, for language-internal and/or language-external reasons. The contextual adaptation well explains the characteristics of dynamic contextual development in diplomatic escort interpreting. It is helpful for interpreters to understand that the choice-making was constrained by different contexts in diplomatic interpreting. In addition, interpreters should adapt to the various factors of the context thus can make flexible and appropriate choices in delivering target language in order to promote the quality of interpretation and achieve the satisfactory communicative effect.     

Prestressed tensioning method and its application to testing anchor stress of anchor cables for side-slope stabilization

The anchor stress extent of a prestress anchor cable project has a direct relation with the project safety and performance. Prestressed tensioning method is a kind of nondestructive testing method, by which a reverse stretching load is applied on the external exposure section of anchor cable under construction or in service, and then the elongation variation of stress bars is measured to determine the anchor stress. We elaborated the theory and testing mechanism of prestressed tensioning method, and systematically studied key issues during the prestressed tensioning process of anchor cable by using physical model test, including the composition of tension stress-elongation curve, the variation of anchor stress, the compensation of locked anchor stress, and the judgment of anchor stress, and verified the theory feasibility of prestressed tensioning method. A case study on slope anchor cable of one highway project was conducted to further discuss on the test method, operation procedures and judgment of prestressed tensioning method on obtaining anchor stress, and then the test data of three situations were analyzed. The result provides a theoretical basis and technical base for the application of prestressed tensioning method to the evaluation of construction quality and operation conditions of anchor cable project.     

Velocity distribution and scaling properties of wall bounded flow

The scaling and similarity of wall bounded turbulent flow were studied. The properties of such flows and the relationship between a power law and a logarithmic type of velocity distribution were investigated. Based on the physical mechanism involved, our results show that the power law and the logarithmic distribution are only different forms with the same hypothesis and hold only in the outer flow zone. Thus, a universal explanation for various empirical formulae of velocity distribution was obtained. Manning＇s formula was studied to explain theoretically the experiential result that the roughness coefficient is only a comprehensive parameter of the whole system without a corresponding physical factor. The physical mechanism of the velocity distribution of parallel to wall bounded flow was explored, the results show that the parameters in the formula of velocity distribution are indices of the system responding to flowing environmental factors to represent general case of boundary roughness and the flowing state, corresponding physical mechanism is vortex motion.     

Experimental study on surface integrity of Ti-6Al-4V in high speed side milling

Aiming at the surface integrity of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V in high speed side milling, a series of side mill- ing tests were carried out with uncoated carbide milling cutter at various milling speeds. Surface roughness, residual stress, subsurface microstructure and microhardness variations were investigated. The surface roughness measurement results present that the milling speed from 80 to 120 m/min fails to produce better and more stable roughness values compared with the result obtained from 320 to 380 m/min. The residual stresses in the feed direction and axial depth of cut direction are in similar trends for the two milling speed levels mentioned above. Moreover, the residual stress pro- duced at 320 to 380 m/min is lower and more stable than that at 80 to 120 m/min. The microstructure analysis shows that the volume of β phase in the near surface becomes smaller and the deformation of β phase in the near surface be- comes obvious with the increase of the milling speed. Subsurface microhardness variation was observed down to 200 μm below the machined surface at 80 to 120 m/min and down to 160 μm at 320 to 380 m/min. It is concluded that better surface integrity and higher material removal rate can be obtained at 320 to 380 m/min than at 80 to 120 m/min.     

Fuzzy Comprehensive Assessment Method to Determine Tectonic Stress Patterns

The tectonic stress patterns were determined by a fuzzy comprehensive assessment method. Data of in-situ survey and fault information were utilized in the method. First, by making pressure and tension in the directions of along-river, cross-river, shear clockwise, and shear counterclockwise , 26 types of tectonic stress patterns were presented. And the stress vector of each pattern was obtained with FE software by taking unit displacement as boundary load. Then, by taking the 26 types of tectonic stress patterns as index set and 3 main stresses as factor set and choosing various operators, comparison of directions of computational stress vector and survey stress vector was made and the most possible tectonic stress pattern was obtained. Taking the 26 types of tectonic stress patterns as index set and strike angle as factor set, comparison of relationships between formation of fault and tectonic stress was made,and the tectonic stress patterns were assessed with known fault information. By summarizing the above assessment results, the most impossible tectonic stress pattern was obtained . Finally an engineering case was quoted to validate that the method is more feasible and reliable than traditional empirical method.     

Heat treatment process optimization for face gears based on deformation and residual stress control

In this paper, based on the principle of heat transfer and thermal elastic-plastic theory, the heat treatment process optimization scheme for face gears is proposed according to the structural characteristics of the face gear and material properties of 12Cr2Ni4 steel. To simulate the effect of carburizing and quenching process on tooth deformation and residual stress distribution, a heat treatment analysis model of face gears is established, and the microstructure, stress and deformation of face gear teeth changing with time are analyzed. The simulation results show that face gear tooth hardness increases, tooth surface residual compressive stress increases and tooth deformation decreases after heat treatment process optimization. It is beneficial to improving the fatigue strength and performance of face gears.     

Simulation and analysis of resin flow in injection machine screw

A method with simulation and analysis of the resin flow in a screw is presented to ease the control of some problems that may affect the efficiency and the quality of the product among existing screws in an injection machine. The physical model of a screw is established to represent the stress, the strain, the relationship between velocity and stress, and the temperature of the cells. In this paper, a working case is considered where the velocity and the temperature distributions at any section of the flow are obtained. The analysis of the computational results shows an ability to master various parameters depending on the specifications.     

Influence of soft filler on stress concentration factor of elliptic holes in a rectangular plate

Finite element models were established to analyze the influence of soft filler on stress concentration for a rectangular plate with an elliptic hole in the center. The influence was quantified by means of stress concentration factor (SCF). Seven shape factors of the elliptic hole and three levels of elasticity modulus of the soft filler were considered. The reduction coefficient and sensitivity index of SCF are the two indicators in evaluating the influence of soft filler. It was found that the reduction coefficient of SCF increases significantly as the shape factor and the elasticity modulus of the filler increase, indicating that soft filler can reduce the concentrated stress effectively, especially when the shape factor is great. Analysis for the sensitivity index of SCF indicates that SCF is more sensitive to materials with small elasticity modulus than to materials with large one.     

An Analysis of Chinglish in Press Conference Interpretation——Case Study on the Interpretation of the 2nd guangdong International Consultative Conference(GICC)

This thesis aims at analyzing the Chinglish in press conference interpretation with context adaptation of Belgian linguist Jef Verschueren’s Adaptation Theory as the theoretical framework.In Adaptation Theory,context includes all kinds of factors that concern the environment in which the communication takes place,with non-linguistic factors like the physical world,the social world and the mental world playing an important role.Taking the press conference interpretation of the 2nd Guangdong International Consultative Conference as an example,the author attempts to prove the presumption that Adaptation Theory can be applied to spot and reduce the Chinglish in interpreting.It is concluded that the theory of adaptation to the mental world and social world can be applied to reduce the Chinglish of two particular kinds to the minimum level and achieve successful communication.     

The Efficiency of Syntactic Linearity in Simultaneous Interpreting

With the development of our country, the use of simultaneous interpretation also increased greatly. As everyone knows, simultaneous interpreting is a very complex task. Therefore, the interpreters need to grasp some particular strategies to reduce the difficulty of simultaneous interpreting. Then this thesis aims to discuss the efficiency of Syntactic Linearity in Simultaneous Interpreting.The theory evidence of this thesis comes from the most fundamental principle in Simultaneous Interpreting, that is, syntactic linearity, which helps the interpreters to deal with long and complex sentences even if he or she has no time to hear and remember the whole sentence.     

Psychosocial Predictors of Adjustment Among First Year College of Education Students

The purpose of this study was to examine the contribution of psychological and social factors to the prediction of adjustment to college. A total of 250 first year students from colleges of education in Kwara State, Nigeria, completed measures of self-esteem, emotional intelligence, stress, social support and adjustment. Regression analyses revealed that all the independent variables predicted adjustments. Social support interacted with stress to predict adjustment. Implications for the counselors, parents and college authorities in enhancing students＇ adjustment to college were discussed. Further, the findings implicated the need for college authorities to integrate activities designed to improve students＇ adjustment into college co-curricular activities meant for youth development.     

Numerical simulation of aerodynamic heating and stresses of chemical vapor deposition ZnS forhypersonic vehicles简

Hypersonic vehicles subjected to strong aerodynamic forces and serious aerodynamic heating require more stringent design for an infrared window. In this paper, a finite element analysis is used to present the distributions of thermal and stress fields in the infrared window for hypersonic vehicles based on flowfield studies. A theoretical guidance is provided to evaluate the influence of aerodynamic heating and forces on infrared window materials. The aerodynamic heat flux from Mach 3 to Mach 6 flight at an altitude of 15 km in a standard atmosphere is obtained through flowfield analysis. The thermal and stress responses are then investigated under constant heat transfer coefficient boundary conditions for different Mach numbers. The numerical results show that the maximum stress is higher than the material strength at Mach 6, which means a failure of the material may occur. The maximum stress and temperatures are lower than the material strength and melting point under other conditions, so the material is safe.     

Calculating method of contact stress for non-circular gears

According to Hertz theory, the difference of contact stress for non-circular gears and equivalent gears is compared in the paper, a calculating method of contact stress for non-circular gears by using equivalent gears is researched, and computing formulas of power and rotation speed for equivalent gears are deduced. A numerical simulation of contact stress for non-circular gears has also been conducted based on the finite element method. By the comparison of fitting curves, the feasibility of using equivalent gears instead of non-circular gears to calculate the contact stress is testified.     

Analysis of 1D consolidation with non-Darcian flow described by exponent and threshold gradient

Numerous experiments have shown that the water flow in fine-grained soils can obey an exponential relationship at small gradients and a linear relationship when the hydraulic gradient exceeds a certain limit. Based on the non-Darcian flow described by exponent and threshold gradient, the theory of 1D consolidation is modified in this paper to consider a linear variation in the vertical total stress with depth and the effect of ramp loading. The numerical solutions were derived in detail by the finite difference method for excess pore water pressure and the average degree of consolidation. Finally, the influence of various parameters on consolidation behavior was investigated. The results show that the rate of consolidation is reduced when non-Darcian flow described by exponent and threshold gradient is adopted in the theory of 1D consolidation. As well the distribution of vertical total stress has a great influence on the dissipation of excess pore water pressure, either for pervious top and pervious bottom （PTPB） or for pervious top and impervious bottom （PTIB）. For the case of PTIB, the distribution of vertical total stress in a foundation has a great influence on the rate of consolidation; however, for the case of PTPB, the rate of consolidation is independent of the distribution of vertical total stress. The rate of consolidation is dependent on the ratio of the thickness of a soil layer to the equivalent head of the final average vertical total stress; the greater the value of this ratio, the slower the rate of consolidation. Finally, an increase in construction time reduces the consolidation rate of a foundation. Thus, consolidation behavior of 1D consolidation with non-Darcian flow has been thoroughly acquainted in this paper.     

Metaphor and Collocation： A Cognitive Perspective in EFL Teaching

It is of great importance to obtain good collocation knowledge for fluent and appropriate language use as many words are used in a limited set of collocations. Studies on cognitive linguistics show that cognitive factors play an important role in collocation study as most collocations are metaphorically motivated, and that collocational behavior is influenced by a number of factors, including the semantics of the individual items themselves, the influence of other well-established meanings, the influence of metaphor, the influence of semantic prosody, etc.. Therefore, it is significant to explain and teach certain types of collocations in language teaching by considering the underlying factors which influence the collocational process. Chinese English as a foreign language （EFL） learners have some special collocation problems in their English learning, which not only result from grammatical incompetence, but also from their lack of conceptual fluency and metaphor competence. The disclosure of similarities and differences between the conceptual systems of English and Chinese will help to illuminate the nature of negative transfer of their first language in collocation acquisition of Chinese EFL learners. The author of the paper, by disclosing the interaction between collocation and metaphor from cognitive, linguistic, and social perspectives, proposes semantic-oriented principle, pragmatics-oriented principle, and culture-oriented principle to incorporate cognitive factors to collocation teaching. It is suggested that stress should be given to the teaching of conceptual metaphor and its mechanisms in collocation teaching before students can finally improve collocation competence with a focus on metaphor awareness.     

Ultimate stress increase in unbonded tendons in prestressed concrete beams

Since the assumption of plane sections cannot be applied to the strain of unbonded tendons in prestressed concrete beams subjected to loadings,a moment-curvature nonlinear analysis method is used to develop analytical programs from stress increases in unbonded tendons at the ultimate limit state.Based on the results of model testing and simulation analysis,equations are proposed to predict the stress increase in tendons at the ultimate state in simple or continuous beams of partially prestressed concrete,considering the loading type,non-prestressed reinforcement index βp,prestressing reinforcement index βs,and span-depth ratio L/h as the basic parameters.Results of 380 beams studied here and test results for 35 simple beams obtained by the China Academy of Building Research were compared with those from prediction equations given in codes and other previous studies.The comparison reveals that the values predicted by the proposed equations agree well with experimental results.     

Stress and Displacement Distribution of Soft Clay Slope with 2D and 3D Elastoplastic Finite Element Method

Based on elastoplastic model, 2D and 3D finite element method (FEM) are used to calculate the stress and displacement distribution in the soft clay slope under gravity and uniform load at the slope top. Stability analyses indicate that 3D boundary effect varies with the stress level of the slope. When the slope is stable, end effect of 3D space is not remarkable. When the stability decreases, end effect occurs; when the slope is at limit state, end effect reaches maximum. The energy causing slope failure spreads preferentially along y-z section, and when the failure resistance capability reaches the limit state, the energy can extend along x-axis direction. The 3D effect of the slope under uniform load on the top is related to the ratio of load influence width to slope height, and the effect is remarkable with the decrease of the ratio.