A contingent cost analysis of alternative manufacturing information systems

The evaluation of alternative management information systems can aid systems analysts determine appropriate information support for managers, aid managers to become informed participants in the system design process, and aid the planning of information systems in response to changes in the firm. Synthesizing microeconomic and contingency theories, this paper performs a cost analysis of two popular manufacturing information systems. The relative cost-effectiveness of these two systems is hypothesized and then validated using a random survey of manufacturing firms across the USA. A logistical regression of the data provides estimates of the relative information system cost-effectiveness in various manufacturing contexts.     

Impact of information use architecture on load and usability

Information use is defined as the application of acquired and transmitted information in the decision making of an organization at the strategic and tactical levels. The purpose of the research is to investigate how information use architecture impacts information load and usability at the operational level of manufacturing where machines, humans and the production processes are information users. A new approach to information load is introduced which takes all the characteristics of information use (tacit, mechanical, paper and digitized) and possibilities of users (machine, operator and process) into consideration. Information use nodes are conceptualized building blocks for information use architecture which impact information load and usability. The results suggest that information use load is sensitive to information encoding/decoding. A combination of the federated and integrated information use architectures tends to result in a low information use load and can become a strategic tool for waste reduction. How information usability relates to load varies depending on the usability characteristic in view. The major conclusion is that a holistic approach to information systems includes the consideration of information use architecture which is an important factor in the management of information load and usability at the operational level.     

基于孙子情报分析理论的战略情报分析框架构建

[研究目的]战略情报分析主要是由情报专家人工分析为主,在信息系统方面的建设还比较薄弱,文章结合情报分析过程,提出基于孙子情报分析理论构建标签体系,作为信息系统设计实现的一种参考。[研究方法]通过孙子情报分析理论、标签的定义、战略情报分析过程描述了战略情报分析标签体系的构建及其作用,提出了以顶层标签作为切入点构建战略问题分析模型,以及战略情报分析计算模型。[研究结论]标签体系应用广泛,以孙子情报分析理论的“道、天、地、将、法”为基础构建战略情报分析标签体系,进行战略问题分析建模与计算,对战略情报分析研究和相关信息系统建设具有一定的指导意义。     

Management information systems and strategic performances: The role of top team composition

Organizations adopt sophisticated management information systems, which provide top managers with an ample range of information to achieve multiple strategic performances. However, organizations differ in the extent to which they improve their performance. This paper analyzes the role of top management team in the relationship between management information systems and strategic performance. Using data collected from 92 top management teams, it analyses how different team compositions interact with a sophisticated management information system, and how this interaction affects strategic performances, which are focused on cost reduction and flexibility. The findings show how the effect of management information system on strategic performance (focused on flexibility) is moderated by top management team diversity.     

基于信息生态的制造业可持续发展研究——以陕西省为例

基于信息生态理论,建立制造业信息生态系统;运用logistic函数,以2002—2015年陕西八大支柱产业的企业单位数为例,从信息人、信息、信息环境等要素视角,剖析技术密集型、资本密集型以及劳动密集型的陕西制造业发展阻力,进而提出培养制造业高素质信息人才、提高信息质量以及优化信息环境等相关政策建议,从而推动制造业的可持续发展,以期实现我国从制造大国向制造强国的战略转变。     

战略联盟中制造企业信息化建设模式研究

制造业是国民经济的脊梁,制造业信息化是国民经济和社会信息化的核心。制造业企业可以通过信息化提升企业核心竞争力。本文针对我国制造企业在战略联盟中发展需要,分析了制造业战略联盟形成的动因,并在此基础上,结合我国制造业在在战略联盟中存在的问题,从中小企业和离散企业的特点出发,提出了ASP外包模式、虚拟产品设计中心模式和网上信息中介服务模式。     

信息产业自主可控人才培养问题研究

信息产业已成为我国国民经济战略性、基础性和先导性支柱产业。信息产业的自主可控既是国民经济和社会发展的迫切需要,也是实现国家信息安全的关键。然而,目前我国信息产业人才培养存在很多问题,难以适应信息产业自主可控跨越式发展的需求,如何突破人才瓶颈是实现信息产业自主可控亟待解决的问题。     

The impact of core and infrastructure business activities on information systems planning and effectiveness

Core and infrastructure business activities are vital to the organization, and are growing more and more dependent on information systems. Theory suggests that more core and infrastructure business activities would inspire more strategic information systems planning which in turn would result in greater planning effectiveness. One hundred thirty chief information officers in manufacturing companies completed a questionnaire about the extent that their organization performed core and infrastructure business activities, and carried out technical, personnel, and procedures planning. The findings showed that infrastructure activities lead to all three types of planning whereas core activities lead only to procedures planning. Moreover, they showed that technical planning leads to planning effectiveness whereas personnel and procedures planning do not. The findings suggest that future researchers might try to uncover the reasons that core activities do not lead to more information systems planning. For practitioners, the findings suggest that managers reconsider how their organizations respond to core and infrastructure needs, and whether they should adjust their information systems planning.     

我国服务型制造“十四五”时期发展思路研究

"十四五"时期,我国改革开放和现代化建设进入新发展阶段,发展服务型制造对于加快建设现代产业体系、推进制造强国建设至关重要。要深刻领会和认真贯彻党中央、国务院的战略部署,构建新发展格局、壮大新发展动能、形成新发展优势,全面提高我国制造业科技创新能力、价值创造能力和产业竞争能力。文章提出了我国"十四五"时期发展服务型制造的总体要求和主要目标,并从发展战略研究、企业数字转型、技术创新体系、产业生态培育、服务制造集群、国际竞争合作6个方面提出了相关政策建议。     

高端装备制造业知识创新与技术创新耦合研究 ——基于2009-2013年中国省际面板数据的实证分析

知识创新与技术创新是目前学术领域的研究热点,而关于二者耦合机制的研究仍处于起步阶段.高端装备制造业复杂耦合机制的研究能够有效地促进我国战略性新兴产业的发展.以我国高端装备制造业为研究对象,构建高端装备制造业知识创新与技术创新耦合系统,确定高端装备制造业知识创新与技术创新耦合度测度指标体系.在此基础上,建立耦合度测度模型,最后从实证的角度验证了知识创新与技术创新耦合度测度模型的有效性与可行性.     

传统制造业精益数字化水平评估方法研究

精益是智能制造的基石,也是传统制造业数字化转型的思想基础,精益数字化水平直接关系着传统制造业向智能制造转型的成败。基于此,文章立足智能制造背景,在已有相关研究的基础上,从数字化人员素质培养、数字化基础设施建设、制度建设、数字化信息利用、物流-供应链智能一体化、数字化生产改进、数字化产品、生产绿色化八个子系统构建了精益数字化水平评价指标体系,应用模糊集对分析法构建了精益数字化水平评估模型,并以A传统制造业企业向智能制造转型实践为例进行案例分析。研究结果表明,所提出的指标体系和评估模型能够为科学衡量传统制造业精益数字化水平提供方法论,进而帮助传统制造业改进管理方式提供依据。     

An investigation of the strategic information systems planning success in Chinese publicly traded firms

Based on a survey of Chinese publicly traded firms, we report on the status of the strategic information systems planning success in China. Through this analysis of the survey data, we found that Chinese managers are not using IS as a competitive weapon though they have already realized some aspects of strategic information system planning. We also examined the differences between Eastern and Western cultural and political context factors to explain this phenomenon.     

An enterprise resource planning system innovation and its influence on organisational culture: a case study in higher education

Many organisations are adopting new enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems to address their organisational and business problems. These technologies may promise utopian visions of information management, yet often they have the potential to re-shape organisational life and bring even more control to the workplace; in some instances outcomes that are unpredictable and detrimental to the organisation. The study of ERPs and their influence on organisational life and culture is a complex and highly contested area of research which has been the subject of much theorising. This paper adds to the debate through a longitudinal case study of an integrated information system implementation undertaken within a large UK university. The system (known as SITS – strategic information technology services) was introduced into a university in 2006 and the focus of the research has been on culture change within the SITS environment. Document analysis, interviews and participant observation were used to collect data. What has emerged from this study is that many current approaches are unable to account for the complexity of cultural studies within an integrated information systems environment. Therefore we have adopted an approach which acknowledges technology’s power to facilitate or constrain, as well as the role that individuals play in the use of technology to organise.     

中小型装备制造业工艺过程集成化管理平台及应用研究

针对中小型装备制造企业中的信息化管理现状与存在问题,文章分析PDM对CAPP子系统的管理方法在中小型装备制造企业中的应用,对PDM与CAPP集成平台实施方案及体系结构等进行深入的研究。运用定制开发式模式完成PDM/CAPP系统的集成接口开发、工艺规程CAPP子系统、工艺规程设计流程及导入方式,对企业实现PDM对CAPP子系统的管理提供了平台设计框架。     

A study of information systems planning and its effectiveness in Taiwan

The main objectives of this research were to compare and contrast the findings of the relationships among different stages of information systems (IS) strategic planning, system planning, plan implementation, and IS effectiveness across various organizations in Taiwan. The intent was to take a broad look at the key concerns of IS planning across cultures. The relationships among three phases of planning (strategic planning, systems planning, and plan implementation), and their relationships with user satisfaction were examined. Five hypotheses are used to examine the relationships. The correlation analysis results support the following hypotheses: (1) the extent of IS systems planning is positively associated with the extent of IS strategic planning; (2) the extent of plan implementation is positively associated with the extent of IS systems planning; and (3) the extent of IS strategic planning is positively associated with the extent of user satisfaction. IS systems planning has no effect on user satisfaction. IS plan implementation has no relationship with user satisfaction.     

Aligning information technology and business strategy with a dynamic capabilities perspective: A longitudinal study of a Taiwanese Semiconductor Company

Strategic alignment involves the development and reconfiguration of information technology (IT) to support business strategies. This paper applies the dynamic capabilities perspective to analyze the strategic information system alignment process. The paper further argues the approach is constructive in understanding and overcoming difficulties in achieving and sustaining alignment. From a longitudinal case study of a semiconductor company in Taiwan, the results show an unaligned strategic information system (with an implemented IT strategy that varies from the intended IT strategy) impedes the development of IT. Path dependence, or the implications of prior IT decisions, is another barrier for alignment. A broader view of intended alignment, focusing on IT combined with clear business vision, can be beneficial for adding future IT resources. In addition, dynamic capabilities, which are critical for the creation and strength of IT resources, positively influence the alignment process and its future implementation success.     

中国30个制造行业环境友好状况的实证研究

界定了制造业环境友好的内涵,通过因子分析构建了制造行业环境友好状况的评价体系,对我国30个制造行业环境友好状况进行了实证评价,综合运用聚类分析、Kruskal-WallisH非参数检验方法对各行业环境友好状况进行分析,提出了制造行业改善环境友好状况的对策建议,结合实证研究结果针对某些行业提出了具体对策。     

Sales information systems in the UK financial services industry: an analysis of sophistication of use and perceived barriers to adoption

This paper evaluates the use of sales information systems (SIS) in the UK financial services sector. The study is based on a quantitative survey of a sample of sales and marketing managers in banks, building societies and insurance companies. Seventy-two usable responses were received and our analysis reveals that the systems that have been adopted are being used to provide information for little more than mailing lists. Further, the aspirations for our respondents for further data capture and analysis are low—such that their overarching goals of improving customer retention, customer relationships, and customer acquisition are unlikely to be achieved. This mismatch between our respondent's data capture and their strategic goals is associated with the further finding that our respondents place more importance on technical barriers to implementing SIS—such as fragmented market and sales information, high cost of development and poor data quality—as compared to the lowered importance placed on organizational barriers. Importantly, the latter barriers have been recognized in the literature as the true barriers to achieving the strategic potential of marketing information. We argue that the future promise of sophisticated use of the capabilities of current SIS is thus likely to be compromised, due to the lack of awareness, amongst our respondents, of the criticality of organizational and strategic barriers.     

二次创新与我国制造为全球化竞争战略

在全球化浪潮下，跨国公司纷纷调整了各自的战略，在其原有雄厚实力的基础上，加大了创新力度，并通过全球化战略来实现，加剧了全球的贫富二极分化。如何面对这样的严峻考验是摆在发展中国家面前的紧迫问题。创新是经济全球化的根本动力，在全球化环境下，创新过程呈现出了新的特点，有必要结合经济全球化的背景来探讨创新问题。在全球环境下，中国的创造业靠什么来建立、维持、巩固与发展竞争优势呢？这是一个引起中国与企业家关注的迫切问题。本运用二次创新理论，研究发展中国家企业应对全球化竞争的战略，提出了基于全球竞争的二次创新过程模型，并指出了我国制造业将自身置于全球竞争的环境中积极开展二次创新，赢得后发优势的全球化竞争战略对策。     

基于产业链分析的中国铟锗镓产业发展战略研究

铟、锗、镓资源在信息通讯、新能源、现代航空、现代军事等高新技术领域具有广泛应用,是中国战略性新兴产业发展的重要资源,中国是三种资源的主要供应国,但产业发展面临诸多问题。本文通过战略环节分析和产业链类型分析,首先确定铟锗镓产业的战略环节和产业链类型,同时通过对中国铟锗镓产业战略环节和非战略环节的分析,提出面临的问题和对策建议。分析认为：①尽管铟锗镓产业的原材料是稀缺性的矿产资源,但产业链属于产品导向型产业,战略环节为深加工及元部件产业;②中国铟、锗、镓产业战略环节发展呈现出有好有坏、总体向好的趋势,但仍面临多种技术问题;③中国铟锗镓初级产品严重过剩,从短期来看,国家收储和泛亚有色金属交易所提出的铟金融化能够消化过剩产量,但长期仍需依赖下游产业发展增加国内需求;④铟、锗、镓是伴生资源,未来极有可能因为铅锌、氧化铝等产能过剩及其他问题引发原材料供应不足,应有意识限制初级产业发展,逐步发展回收产业;⑤提出了打造一条以深加工、元部件产业为核心,以初级产业、回收产业两种原料供应模式为基础、以废料合理回收为补充的循环产业链,实现铟锗镓制造业新升级,使资源在中国内部循环,使产品在全球流动,实现铟锗镓资源效益最大化。