Low frequency vibration tests on a floating slab track in an underground laboratory

Low frequency vibrations induced by underground railways have attracted increasing attention in recent years. To obtain the characteristics of low frequency vibrations and the low frequency performance of a floating slab track (FST), low frequency vibration tests on an FST in an underground laboratory at Beijing Jiaotong University were carried out. The FST and an unbalanced shaker SBZ30 for dynamic simulation were designed for use in low frequency vibration experiments. Vibration measurements were performed on the bogie of the unbalanced shaker, the rail, the slab, the tunnel invert, the tunnel wall, the tunnel apex, and on the ground surface at distances varying from 0 to 80 m from the track. Measurements were also made on several floors of an adjacent building. Detailed results of low frequency vibration tests were reported. The attenuation of low frequency vibrations with the distance from the track was presented, as well as the responses of different floors of the building. The experimental results could be regarded as a reference for developing methods to control low frequency vibrations and for adopting countermeasures.     

Test and Analysis of an Existing Tunnel Vibration Induced by Blasting Construction of Diaphragm Wall

According to the blasting construction of the diaphragm wall of Puxi approaching section of East Fuxing Road river-crossing tunnel,the monitoring project of the vibration of the existing tunnel induced by the blasting construction is put forward,which includes the sensors' location,monitor method and the vibration monitoring system.Based on the monitoring data of the explosion vibration,the vibration wave forms,velocities,acceleration responses,main frequencies and fields of measure points are analyzed under the conditions of three locations and different charge quantities.According to the safety-judging standard of explosion vibration,the conclusion that the existing tunnel is safe under the explosion vibration is then drawn.Furthermore,the spectrum characteristics of three explosion vibrations and the spectrum changing properties of explosion vibration wave transmitting in different directions are concluded,which can provide reference to similar projects.     

工作参数对充液直管振动特性影响的试验研究

用试验方法研究了阀门的开启程度、支撑位置变化和管道内液体脉动对管道系统振动特性的影响．结果表明：由阀门开启程度引起的振动频率随着阀门开启程度的减小而增大;由可移动支撑位置改变引起的两个振动频率随着可移动支撑向中间的靠近而逐渐远离;由管道内液体脉动引起的振动频率随着可移动支撑向中间靠近和阀门开启程度的减小而减小．     

A 2.5D finite element approach for predicting ground vibrations generated by vertical track irregularities

Dynamic responses of track structure and wave propagation in nearby ground vibration become significant when train operates on high speeds. A train-track-ground dynamic interaction analysis model based on the 2.5D finite element method is developed for the prediction of ground vibrations due to vertical track irregularities. The one-quarter car model is used to represent the train as lumped masses connected by springs. The embankment and the underlying ground are modeled by the 2.5D finite element approach to improve the computation efficiency. The Fourier transform is applied in the direction of train’s movement to express the wave motion with a wave-number. The one-quarter car model is coupled into the global stiffness matrix describing the track-ground dynamic system with the displacement compatibility condition at the wheel-rail interface, including the irregularities on the track surface. Dynamic responses of the track and ground due to train’s moving loads are obtained in the wave-number domain by solving the governing equation, using a conventional finite element procedure. The amplitude and wavelength are identified as two major parameters describing track irregularities. The irregularity amplitude has a direct impact on the vertical response for low-speed trains, both for short wavelength and long wavelength irregularities. Track irregularity with shorter wavelength can generate stronger track vibration both for low-speed and high-speed cases. For low-speed case, vibrations induced by track irregularities dominate far field responses. For high-speed case, the wavelength of track irregularities has very little effect on ground vibration at distances far from track center, and train’s wheel axle weights becomes dominant.     

高填土结构基础稳定、路面沉降的计算及测试结果分析

通过对某桥台高路堤工程勘察及历时一年的原位动态变形监测，重点阐述了粘性土直接修筑高路堤结构的变形特征、历时规律和变形稳定性，提出粘性土高路堤工后3年自身变形尚未完全稳定的结论。     

Experimental Study of Structure Shock Vibration in Soft Caused by Explosion of Conventional Weapons

When hitting underground structures directly or exploding in rock-soil media near underground structures, the conventional weapons with large charge weight will make underground structures be subjected to strong shock vibration and cause personal casualty and damage of precision electronic equipments, The shock vibration has become one of the cardinal killing means of weapons. However, the existing methods of predicting structure shock vibration are limited evidently. In this paper the coupling coefficient of acceleration in clayey soil is obtained firstly. Subsequently based on repeated experiments of chemical explosion, after dimension analysis and by using method of multivariate stepwise regression, the calculation formulae of shock vibration acceleration for the underground structure are obtained finally. The formulae consider top and side explosion respectively, taking into account the effects of penetration depth, charge weight, distance to explosion center, rock-soil media, size of structure and buried depth. They are easy to use with high practicability and degree of confidence, and can provide credible evidence for prediction of shock vibration and vibration isolating design of underground structure.     

A comparative study on ApEn, SampEn and their fuzzy counterparts in a multiscale framework for feature extraction

Feature extraction from vibration signals has been investigated extensively over the past decades as a key issue in machine condition monitoring and fault diagnosis. Most existing methods, however, assume a linear model of the underlying dynamics. In this study, the feasibility of devoting nonlinear dynamic parameters to characterizing bearing vibrations is studied. Firstly, fuzzy sample entropy （FSampEn） is formulated by defining a fuzzy membership function with clear physical meaning. Secondly, inspired by the multiscale sample entropy （multiscale SampEn） which is originally proposed to quantify the complexity of physiological time series, we placed approximate entropy （ApEn）, fuzzy approximate entropy （FApEn） and the proposed FSampEn into the same multiscale framework. This led to the developments of multiscale ApEn, multiscale FApEn and multiscale FSampEn. Finally, all four multiscale entropies along with their single-scale counterparts were employed to extract discriminating features from bearing vibration signals, and their classification performance was evaluated using support vector machines （SVMs） Experimental results demonstrated that all four multiscale entropies outperformed single-scale ones, whilst multiscale FSampEn was superior to other multiscale methods, especially when analyzed signals were contaminated by heavy noise. Comparisons with statistical features in time domain also support the use ofmultiscale FSampEn.     

水泥改良土地层人工冻结温度场的特性

提出了一种改进的二次曲线轮廓度误差的评定方法。以最小二乘曲线的焦点坐标作为中心划分正方形网格,在其中按一定规则设定标志点,若标志点配对拟合曲线计算所得轮廓度误差过大就将其剔除。然后在误差较小的区域进一步细分网格并配对拟合曲线,再以多次迭代运算的方法最终求得最小条件法下的轮廓度误差值。该方法搜索速度快,计算精度高,适用于任意平面二次曲线的轮廓度误差评定,辅以MATLAB软件实现误差求解的可视化,最后实例证明该算法的可靠性。     

Experimental Study of Structure Shock Vibration in Soil Caused by Explosion of Conventional Weapons

When hitting underground structures directly or exploding in rock-soil media near underground structures, the conventional weapons with large charge weight will make underground structures be subjected to strong shock vibration and cause personal casualty and damage of precision electronic equipments. The shock vibration has become one of the cardinal killing means of weapons. However, the existing methods of predicting structure shock vibration are limited evidently. In this paper the coupling coefficient of acceleration in clayey soil is obtained firstly. Subsequently based on repeated experiments of chemical explosion, after dimension analysis and by using method of multivariate stepwise regression, the calculation formulae of shock vibration acceleration for the underground structure are obtained finally. The formulae consider top and side explosion respectively, taking into account the effects of penetration depth, charge weight, distance to explosion center, rock-soil media, size of structure and buried depth. They are easy to use with high practicability and degree of confidence, and can provide credible evidence for prediction of shock vibration and vibration isolating design of underground structure.     

Vibration response analysis of floating slab track supported by nonlinear quasi-zero-stiffness vibration isolators

To improve the low-frequency vibration reduction effect of a steel spring floating slab track(FST), nonlinear quasizero-stiffness(QZS) vibration isolators composed of positive stiffness elements(PSEs) and negative stiffness elements(NSEs) were used to support the FST. First, considering the mechanical characteristics of the nonlinear QZS vibration isolators and the dynamic displacement limit(3 mm) of the FST, the feasible parameter groups were studied with the nonlinear stiffness variation range and bearing capacity as evaluation indices. A vertical vehicle quasi-zero-stiffness floating slab track(QZS-FST) coupled dynamic model was then established. To obtain a reasonable nonlinear stiffness within a few millimeters, the original length of the NSEs must be analyzed first, because it chiefly determines the stiffness nonlinearity level. The compression length of the NSEs at the equilibrium position must be determined to obtain the low stiffness of the floating slab without vehicle load. Meanwhile, to meet the dynamic displacement limit of the FST, the PSE stiffness must be increased to obtain a higher stiffness at the critical dynamic displacement. Various stiffness groups for the PSEs and NSEs can provide the same dynamic bearing capacity and yet have a significantly different vibration reduction effect. Excessive stiffness nonlinearity levels cannot effectively improve the vibration reduction effect at the natural frequency. Furthermore, they also significantly amplify the vibrations above the natural frequency. In this paper, the vertical vibration acceleration level(VAL) of the floating slab and the supporting force of the FST can be decreased by 6.9 dB and 55%, respectively, at the resonance frequency.     

统一抗震设计谱的双规准反应谱和标定周期

为了考察地震动加速度反应谱的统一性,用2种标定周期(反应谱卓越周期Tp和平滑化反应谱卓越周期To)分别对传统规准反应谱的横坐标进行规准化.考虑场地条件和断层距的影响,对集集地震近600水平向分量地震动5%阻尼比的规准反应谱和2种双规准反应谱进行了分析.结果表明场地条件和断层距对规准谱的影响明显,但对2种双规准谱的影响甚小.离散性分析表明对规准反应谱横坐标的规准化得到的双规准谱具有离散性小的特点.最后,对标定周期(Tp,To)的分布进行了参数分析并与以往结果进行了比较.地震动反应谱和标定周期的新特性可以为规范设计谱的应用和发展提供参考依据.     

旋转薄壳在转点频段内的振动及其在扬声器中的应用

An overview of the research conducted in the area of linear and nonlinear vibrations of loudspeakers and revolution shells was given in the turning-point frequency range in Chapter 1. It shows that some problems concerning vibrations of shells in the turning-point range have to be further studied.     

NONLINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF THE PLATFORM STRUCTURES SUBJECTED TO ICE EXCITATION(PART Ⅱ): PRIMARY RESONANCE

用多尺度方法对－土－平台系统进行了摄动分析，发现此系统存在多种组合共振现象，其固有振动频率与模型平台实测结果一致．在主参数共振条件下，文章讨论了在不同振动类型（自激，锁定，强迫）下的非线性动力学特性，这与现场观察到的冰激平台共振现象一致，本文还解释了冰激振动的机理，为海洋平台系统的非线性分析建立了一个合理的力学模型．     

Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer Characteristics of Horizontal Ground Heat Exchanger in Frozen Soil Layer

At present ,during the design of ground source heatpump (GSHP) systems ,technical attention is always fo-cused on vertical borehole heat exchangers and surroundingsoil[1 ,2],butthe effects of their shallowhorizontal connect-ing pipes ,or horizontal ground…     

橡胶浮置板轨道对城市高架箱梁减振特性数值分析

为了研究橡胶浮置板轨道对城市高架箱梁结构的减振特性,建立了高架橡胶浮置板轨道结构三雏有限元模型,分析了当减振器刚度和轨道板长度变化对高架桥系统动力响应影响。研究结果表明。减振器刚度的改变对浮置板前10阶振动频率分布影响较大,对累积质量分数分布特性几乎没有影响,相同阶数条件下浮置板的振动主频随减振器刚度减小而减小;列车通过时浮置板轨道以增大自身的振动来达到减小对桥梁结构振动能量输入的目的,在减振频率范围内,浮置板的减振效果随减振器刚度增大而减小,随浮置板长度的减小而减小。     

基于振动信号分析的异步电机转子故障特征提取

研究异步电机转子断条、动态偏心这两种状态下的故障特征,并通过实验室的鼠笼式异步电机转子故障实验系统,对采集的定子电流信号首先通过FFT变换,进行归一化处理,提取出定子电流特征向量;对采集的电机机壳X-Y振动信号则通过db3小波包分析进行去噪处理和频域能量特征向量的提取,实现了故障的分类     

Ground-borne vibrations due to dynamic loadings from moving trains in subway tunnels

In this study, ground vibrations due to dynamic loadings from trains moving in subway tunnels were investigated using a 2.5D finite element model of an underground tunnel and surrounding soil interactions. In our model, wave propagation in the infinitely extended ground is dealt with using a simple, yet efficient gradually damped artificial boundary. Based on the assumption of invariant geometry and material distribution in the tunnel??s direction, the Fourier transform of the spatial dimension in this direction is applied to represent the waves in terms of the wave-number. Finite element discretization is employed in the cross-section perpendicular to the tunnel direction and the governing equations are solved for every discrete wave-number. The 3D ground responses are calculated from the wave-number expansion by employing the inverse Fourier transform. The accuracy of the proposed analysis method is verified by a semi-analytical solution of a rectangular load moving inside a soil stratum. A case study of subway train induced ground vibration is presented and the dependency of wave attenuation at the ground surface on the vibration frequency of the moving load is discussed.     

路堤荷载下挤密螺纹桩复合地基沉降现场试验

对新建兴泉铁路黄塘车站挤密螺纹桩复合地基的桩、土沉降及应力进行监测,分析了路堤荷载下桩、土沉降及差异沉降变化规律,桩土应力比与差异沉降关系。结果表明:桩、土沉降及差异沉降均随路堤填土高度的增加而呈线性增大;桩顶和桩间土应力随路堤填土高度的增加均不断增大,且桩顶应力大于桩间土应力;桩土应力比随着桩土差异沉降的增加先增加后减小,最终趋于稳定。结合修正的Terzaghi土拱理论提出了简化桩土应力比随桩土差异沉降变化曲线。现场试验分析结果有助于完善挤密螺纹桩复合地基设计理论,为工程实践提供一定的参考。     

车削过程中刀具振动响应测试及分析

利用QLVC-ZSA1振动信号分析仪及加速度传感器,对数控车床在不同切削要素的车削过程中刀具的振动响应进行了测试及量化研究,得到了刀具振动加速度信号的时域曲线及自功率谱密度曲线。研究表明:刀具的振动响应是一个随车削进行的时变过程,在同一走刀相同车削要素的车削过程中,随着去除材料的增加,刀具所受的激振能量减少;随着切削深度的增加,刀具振动的最大自功率谱密度并非单调增加,车削深度对于刀具振动的影响存在一个临界值;随着主轴转速及进给速度的提高,刀具振动的自谱密度值随之增大,而相应的振动频率降低。     

高速铁路运营过程中的关键问题：轮轨磨耗等

随着高速铁路运营里程和列车运营速度的不断增长,出现了一些和列车轨道耦合大系统密切相关的关键科学和技术问题。这些问题不仅影响到列车的运行品质,甚至威胁到安全运行,是当前高速铁路运用和发展中急需解决的问题。本文系统描述了高速铁路在运营过程中所出现的一些关键科学和技术问题,并述评了全世界有关这些问题的研究进展、现状和不足之处,提出了今后有利于认识和解决这些问题的发展方向。在长期高速运营的铁路大系统环境中,这些问题的形成的机理、发生、发展过程和预防措施的研究,需要从列车／轨道耦合大系统运营环境（速度、路况、气候和运用维修）、系统的自身参数匹配、材料选用和运营成本等全面系统考虑,并从理论、技术、工艺、监控和维修等方面解决。