Discovery of ultrahigh-T spinel-garnet granulite with pure CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> fluid inclusions from the Altay orogenic belt,NW China

We first report discovery of the spinel-garnet-orthopyroxene granulite with pure CO₂ fluid inclusions from the Fuyun region of the late Paleozoic Altay orogenic belt in Central Asia, NW China. The rock is characterized by an assemblage of garnet, orthopyroxene spinel, cordierite, biotite, plagioclase and quartz. Symplectites of orthopyroxene and spinel, and orthopyroxene and cordierite indicate decompression under UHT conditions. Mineral chemistry shows that the orthopyroxenes have high X_Mg and Al₂O₃ contents (up to 9.23 wt%). Biotites are enriched in TiO₂ and X_Mg and are stable under granulite facies conditions. The garnet and quartz from the rock carry monophase fluid inclusions which show peak melting temperatures of around-56.7°C, indicating a pure CO₂ species being presented during the ultrahigh-T metamorphism in the Altay orogenic belt. The inclusions homogenize into a liquid phase at temperatures around 15.3–23.8°C translating into CO₂ of the order of 0.86–0.88 g/cm³. Based on preliminary minerals paragenesis, reaction textures and petrogenetic grid considerations, we infer that the rock was subjected to UHT conditions. The CO₂-rich fluids were trapped during exhumation along a clockwise P-T path following isothermal decompression under UHT conditions. Project supported by the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No. 2001CB409801), the Exemplary Young Teacher Education and Scientific Research Award Plan of China University, and Postdoctoral Fund of China (No. 2003033033), Postdoctoral Fund of Zhejiang Province, and Starting Fund of Education Ministry, China     

Effect of CO2 enrichment on the glucosinolate contents under different nitrogen levels in bolting stem of Chinese kale (Brassica alboglabra L.)

The effects of CO₂ enrichment on the growth and glucosinolate (GS) concentrations in the bolting stem of Chinese kale (Brassica alboglabra L.) treated with three nitrogen (N) concentrations (5, 10, and 20 mmol/L) were investigated. Height, stem thickness, and dry weights of the total aerial parts, bolting stems, and roots, as well as the root to shoot ratio, significantly increased as CO₂ concentration was elevated from 350 to 800 μl/L at each N concentration. In the edible part of the bolting stem, 11 individual GSs were identified, including 7 aliphatic and 4 indolyl GSs. GS concentration was affected by the elevated CO₂ concentration, N concentration, and CO₂×N interaction. At 5 and 10 mmol N/L, the concentrations of aliphatic GSs and total GSs significantly increased, whereas those of indolyl GSs were not affected, by elevated atmospheric CO₂. However, at 20 mmol N/L, elevated CO₂ had no significant effects on the concentrations of total GSs and total indolyl GSs, but the concentrations of total aliphatic GSs significantly increased. Moreover, the bolting stem carbon (C) content increased, whereas the N and sulfur (S) contents decreased under elevated CO₂ concentration in the three N treatments, resulting in changes in the C/N and N/S ratios. Also the C/N ratio is not a reliable predictor of change of GS concentration, while the changes in N and S contents and the N/S ratio at the elevated CO₂ concentration may influence the GS concentration in Chinese kale bolting stems. The results demonstrate that high nitrogen supply is beneficial for the growth of Chinese kale, but not for the GS concentration in bolting stems, under elevated CO₂ condition. Project (No. 2007CB109305) supported by the National Basic Research Program (973) of China     

超临界流体萃取模型在土壤修复中的应用

针对超临界流体萃取土壤污染物的传质过程数据的缺失,分析了当前超临界流体萃取模型的优缺点,并在超临界流体萃取土壤污染物的过程是内扩散控制过程的基础之上,建立起基于微分床单元的质量守恒模型,再对模型进行求解与分析从而来模拟超临界流体萃取土壤污染物的传质过程。     

EF-H2O2-FeOX法深度处理畜牧业养殖废水技术研究

利用EF-H_2O_2-FeO_X法深度处理畜牧业养殖废水,结果表明,当pH值为3,电压为24 V,反应时间为45 min,电解质投加量为0.8 g/L,PAM投加量为2.5 mg/L时,对畜牧业养殖废水的深度处理效果最佳,COD的去除率可以达到99.1%。此方法具有成本低、设备简单、效果好等优点,在畜牧业养殖废水的深度处理领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

CaO+SiO2+Al2O3+MgO+FeO 五元渣系中FeO 活度的研究

Activities of FeO in CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-FeO slags were determined at 1673 K by electrochemical of the solid electrolyte cell： Mo [Mo＋MoOu[ZrO2（MgO）[Fe＋（CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-FeO）＋Ag[Fe. The influences of slag compositions and basicity on FeO activities were analyzed. The results reveal that, for slags of fixed （%CaO）/（%SiO2） ratio, MgO and Al2O3 content, there was an increase of FeO activities with increase of FeO content. For slags with constant {（%CaO）＋ （%MgO）}/（%SiO2） ratio, fixed FeO and A1203 content, FeO activities decreased when MgO content increased from 5% to 10%, and increased with the increase of MgO content when it was over 10%. The FeO activities increased when （%CaO）/（%SiO2） ratio changed from 1.03 to 1.30 in the slags of constant MgO, FeO and Al2O3 content.     

In2O3 Ultrafine Powder Synthesis by Sol—Gel Method

The precursor of ultrafine In2O3 powder was prepared by the hydrolysis,peptization and gelation of InCl3.4H2O used as raw material.After calcination,ultrafine In2O3 powder was obtained.The particles were characterized by the methods of thermo-gravimetric and differential thermal analysis(TG-DTA),X-ray diffractometry(XRD) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).respectively.     

A SISO mixed<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis><Subscript>2</Subscript>/l<Subscript>1</Subscript> optimal control problem and its solution

Study of the SISO mixedH ₂/l₁ problem for discrete time systems showed that there exists a unique optimal solution which can be approximated within any prescribed missing error bound inl ₂ norm with solvable suboptimal solutions and solvable superoptimal solutions. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60174026) and the Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars of Zhejiang Province (No. J20020546)     

Effects of elevated CO(2) levels on root morphological traits and Cd uptakes of two Lolium species under Cd stress

This study was conducted to investigate the combined effects of elevated CO₂ levels and cadmium (Cd) on the root morphological traits and Cd accumulation in Lolium multiflorum Lam. and Lolium perenne L. exposed to two CO₂ levels (360 and 1 000 μl/L) and three Cd levels (0, 4, and 16 mg/L) under hydroponic conditions. The results show that elevated levels of CO₂ increased shoot biomass more, compared to root biomass, but decreased Cd concentrations in all plant tissues. Cd exposure caused toxicity to both Lolium species, as shown by the restrictions of the root morphological parameters including root length, surface area, volume, and tip numbers. These parameters were significantly higher under elevated levels of CO₂ than under ambient CO₂, especially for the number of fine roots. The increases in magnitudes of those parameters triggered by elevated levels of CO₂ under Cd stress were more than those under non-Cd stress, suggesting an ameliorated Cd stress under elevated levels of CO₂. The total Cd uptake per pot, calculated on the basis of biomass, was significantly greater under elevated levels of CO₂ than under ambient CO₂. Ameliorated Cd toxicity, decreased Cd concentration, and altered root morphological traits in both Lolium species under elevated levels of CO₂ may have implications in food safety and phytoremediation.     

Mixedl 2/l 1 control for discrete-time systems via lagrange multiplier theory

The dual formulation of the discrete-time mixedl ₂/l ₁ control design problem was achieved by using the duality theory of Lagrange multipliers. For some special dual mixedl ₂/l ₁ problems, an approximation method for the optimal value is introduced. A suboptimal value of the infinite-dimensional dual problem can be obtained by solving a sequence of truncated problems. The convergence property of the solution scheme is investigated. This paper gives a low approximation method for the primal problem. Project(699085) supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China.     

Properties of YBa2Cu3O7-∞ granular Josephson junction

YBa₂Cu₃O_7-∞ weak link junctions with width from 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm and length from 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm was made by hand with a razor blade. The current voltage characteristics of the microbridges show, under microwave irradiation, pronounced Shapiro steps up to transition temperature. A careful measurement of the dependence of the critical supercurrent on the external magnetic field and laser light is presented.     

Preparation of the polysulfonamide/titania composites

A series of polysulfonamide （PSA）/TiO 2 modifier nano-composite films were successfully prepared by in-situ polymerization at a low temperature based on 4, 4-diaminodiphenylsulfone and terephthaloyl chloride in the common solvent N, N-dimethylacetamide （DMAc）. It was shown that the nano particles were well dispersed in the polymer substrate. Mean-while, PSA/TiO 2 /modifier composites exhibited good UV-resistant properties and mechanical properties. In addition, the composites’ heat stability improved. These prepared composites are promising in preparing spinning solution and might have potential application in heat-resistant fiber.     

果胶@生物炭-Fe3O4的制备及其对Cu2+的吸附性能

以木屑为原料,高温热解制备生物炭。以聚乙烯醇为粘结剂,采用混合法将生物炭与果胶复合,并负载磁性,经烘干定型制备果胶包覆的磁性生物炭材料（果胶@生物炭-Fe₃O₄）。采用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）及N₂吸附-脱附（BET）等方法对果胶@生物炭-Fe₃O₄进行表征,结合吸附实验分析其对Cu²⁺的吸附特性。结果表明,当生物炭、果胶、Fe₃O₄质量比为5：1：1,溶液pH值为6,吸附24 h,果胶@生物炭-Fe₃O₄对Cu²⁺吸附效果最好;二级动力学方程能较好地描述果胶@生物炭-Fe₃O₄对Cu²⁺的吸附过程,Freundlich模型能较好地拟合其吸附行为;SEM结果显示该材料具有不规则的孔隙结构;XRD分析显示纳米Fe₃O₄是其主要的晶体结构;BET测得其比表面积为25.654 m²·g^-1,平均孔径为20.18 nm。     

Positive temperature coefficient of resistivity effects of semiconducting （Bi（1/2）Na（1/2））TiO3-CaTiO3-BaTiO3 ceramics sintered in air atmosphere

Y^3＋-doped （Bi 1/2 Na 1/2） TiO 3-CaTiO 3-BaTiO 3 （BNCBT） positive temperature coefficient of resistivity （PTCR） ceramics sintered in air atmosphere were investigated in this study. （Bi 1/2 Na 1/2） TiO 3 （BNT） component can remarkably increase the onset temperature T c of PTCR ceramics with the expense of the resistivity R 25 increase. CaTiO 3 （9–27 mol%） component can decrease the resistivity, and adjust the effects of BNT phase on the T c point. For the sample containing 3 mol% CaTiO 3 , T c raises from 122 ℃ to 153 ℃ when only 0.6 mol% BNT added, while for the ones with higher CaTiO 3 content （9–27 mol%）, T c is only increased by a rate of 8–9℃/1.0 mol% BNT. The effects of BNT and CaTiO 3 components on R25/Rmin （negative temperature coefficient effect） are also discussed.     

Preparation and characteristics of new type nanocomposite powder

This new type nanocomposite powder was prepared with electroless plating enhanced by ultrasonic wave. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) showed that As-plated particles have nanometer scale average size. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed the presence of a noncrystalline structure in the plating layer on the nano-Al₂O₃ matrix. The content of the plating layer was analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) technology. The plating layer content was adjustable by changing the solution concentration.     

Mixed G<Emphasis Type="Italic">l</Emphasis><Subscript>2</Subscript>/G<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis><Subscript>2</Subscript> multi-channel multi-objective control synthesis for discrete time systems

This paper proposes a new approach for multi-objective robust control. The approach extends the standard generalizedl ₂ (Gl ₂) and generalizedH ₂ (GH ₂) conditions to a set of new linear matrix inequality (LMI) constraints based on a new stability condition. A technique for variable parameterization is introduced to the multi-objective control problem to preserve the linearity of the synthesis variables. Consequently, the multi-channel multi-objective mixed Gl ₂/GH ₂ control problem can be solved less conservatively using computationally tractable algorithms developed in the paper. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60374028), and the Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, Ministry of Education (No. [2004]176)     

Electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance of ZnFe2O4-based materials used as intert anode for aluminum electrolysis

ZnFe₂O₄ and ZnFe₂O₄-based materials were tested to obtain the electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance in melting bath for aluminum electrolysis. The results proved that adequate additives, such as Ni₂O₃ CuO, Cu, ZnO and CeO₂ would increase the electrical conductivity, and the ZnFe₂O₄-based anodes with these additives were of good corrosion resistance. The current density on anode, the mole ratio of NaF/AlF₃ (MR) and the content of alumina in the bath effect the anode corrosion rate in different way. Project supported by the Science Foundation of Liaoning Province, P. R. China (95 – 156)     

Effects of HfO2 buffer layers on the dielectric property and leakage current of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin films by pulsed laser deposition

Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 （BST） thin films with and without HfO 2 buffer layer were fabricated on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Dependences of HfO 2 thickness on the dielectric property and leakage current of BST thin films were focused. The dielectric constant of BST thin films increased and then decreased with the increase of HfO 2 thickness, while the dielectric relaxation was gradually improved. The loss tangent and leakage current under positive bias decreased with the HfO 2 thickness increasing. The leakage current analysis based on the Schottky emission indicated an improvement of the BST/Pt interface with HfO 2 buffer layer. The loss tangent, tunability and figure of merit of optimized HfO 2 buffered BST thin film achieved 0.009 8, 21.91% （E max = 200 kV/cm）, 22.40 at 10 6 Hz, respectively.