Evoking Knowledge and Information Awareness for Enhancing Computer-Supported Collaborative Problem Solving

Computer-supported collaboration by spatially distributed group members still involves interaction problems within the group. This article presents an empirical study investigating the question of whether computer-supported collaborative problem solving by spatially distributed group members can be fostered by evoking knowledge and information awareness, i.e., awareness of a group member with regard to both their fellow collaborators’ domain knowledge and information underlying this knowledge. The study (N = 30 triads) confirmed the efficiency of this approach by comparing (a) an experimental condition in which an environment for fostering knowledge and information awareness was provided and (b) a control condition without such an environment, with regard to communication and cooperation aspects, the quality of the group maps (needed for solving the problems), and the problem-solving performance.     

默会知识视角下的英语词汇习得

针对传统外语词汇习得往往局限于简单单词量积累，学习效率较难得到保证的状况，认为默会知识理论为外语词汇习得方法拓展了广阔的发展空间．进而阐述了熟练使用默会知识者，可以通过学习中集中意识和辅助意识的转化，调整、平衡对词汇量和词汇定性知识的关注，从整体把握部分，让已经掌握的词汇知识以节点的形式相互联接，形成贯通的词汇网络，从而有效提高词汇学习的效率。从引入默会知识的概念入手，分析了默会知识对外语词汇习得方法的有效改进．探讨了默会知识与接受词汇知识和能产词汇知识之间的相互关系，揭示了默会知识理论对外语词汇〉-／得的重要意义。     

Metalinguistic skills and vocabulary knowledge in Chinese (L1) and English (L2)

How are metalinguistic skills associated with vocabulary knowledge in languages with contrasting phonological and morphological properties? To address this question, tasks of phonological awareness and morphological awareness, other reasoning and literacy-related skills, and measures of vocabulary knowledge in Chinese and English, were administered to 217 Hong Kong Chinese kindergarten children learning English as a second language. Syllable-level awareness but not phoneme onset awareness was strongly associated with Chinese vocabulary knowledge; phoneme onset awareness but not syllable awareness was associated with English vocabulary knowledge. In hierarchical regression equations, phonological awareness in English explained unique variance in English vocabulary knowledge but not in Chinese vocabulary knowledge. In contrast, measures of morphological awareness, which were strongly associated with syllable awareness, uniquely explained 13% of the variance in Chinese vocabulary knowledge apart from all other measures included but were not uniquely associated with English vocabulary knowledge. Findings highlight the strong overlap across phonological and morphological awareness in Chinese and the different associations of each to vocabulary acquisition in Chinese (L1) and English (L2) languages.     

Knowledge convergence and collaborative learning

This paper operationalized the notion of knowledge convergence and assessed quantitatively how much knowledge convergence occurred during collaborative learning. Knowledge convergence was defined as an increase in common knowledge where common knowledge referred to the knowledge that all collaborating partners had. Twenty pairs of college students collaborated to learn a science text about the human circulatory system. Comparisons of individual pre-test and post-test performance revealed that students shared more knowledge pieces and mental models after collaboration. Although the amount of convergence was modest, analyses showed that collaborative interaction was responsible for the increase in common knowledge. The increase in common knowledge was observed in knowledge that was never stated in the learning text as well as in knowledge that was explicitly presented in the text. The amount of convergence was related to interaction such that real pairs shared more knowledge than nominal pairs, and more interactive pairs shared more inferred knowledge than less interactive pairs. Collaborative dialogues and learning artifacts (e.g., drawings) also indicated that common knowledge was constructed during collaboration. Possible reasons for the discrepancy between the impression of strong convergence assumed in the literature and the results of this study are discussed along with the need to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the notion that includes its process, outcome, and sources of convergence.     

文化背景知识导入与跨文化交际意识培养

语言是文化的重要组成部分,语言与文化相互依赖、影响。因此,在语言教学中导入目的语的文化背景知识十分必要。将其与教学实践相结合,旨在提高学生学习兴趣,培养学生跨文化交际意识,最终达到提高学生跨文化交际能力的目的。     

网络学习共同体内隐性知识共享障碍及对策分析

当今社会知识已然成为经济发展和社会转型最重要的因素.在向知识型社会转型的过程中,通过网络学习共同体实施隐性知识管理是促进社会性知识建构的重要途径.本文以学习共同体的构成和隐性知识的价值为基础,通过对网络学习共同体内隐性知识共享障碍展开深入分析,提出了有利于隐性知识共享的相关对策,以期能更好地促进网络学习共同体内隐性知识的建构.     

默会维度：语文知识特性的认识新视角

语文知识中不为常人所关注的默会维度,在很大程度上是导致人们对语文知识的基础存在产生疑惑的直接因素。根据波兰尼的默会知识理论所提供的独特认识视角探析可知,语文知识的默会维度具体表现在构成内容、构成形式以及建构、传递方式等多个层面上,它是语文知识基础存在的隐性根源。在语文教育中,只有正视默会维度的存在,才有可能形成有效的知识对接、传递并增强能力,从而最大限度地实现语文学科的教育价值。     

课程知识与社会意识形式

课程知识的社会性是指由于社会意识的融入而赋予课程以鲜明的社会特质。社会心理为社会意识形式提供情感资源和心理动力,而为人类文明提供理性精神成就的社会意识形式是课程知识社会成分的主要方面。社会心理成分和社会意识形式铸就了课程知识的社会文化力量,对社会意识形式作用方式的正确把握是实现课程的社会效能和理智价值的基本前提。     

基于KNN算法的mCSCL学习伙伴分组策略研究

随着信息技术的快速发展,mCSCL已成为教育技术学领域新的研究热点,学习伙伴选择合理与否将直接影响着协作学习效率.文章利用mCSCL环境下协作分组伙伴模型,提出了基于KNN的mCSCL学习伙伴分组理论,通过计算学习者之间的相似度和类别权重,提供一张可视化的学习伙伴关系图,导学者遵循组间同质和组内异质分组原则,为学习者动态推荐最佳学习伙伴;并设计了以小学一年级加减运算为内容的mCSCL活动,开展分组满意度访谈和小组学习效率实证研究.实验结果表明,相对于随机分组方式,基于KNN算法的mCSCL学习伙伴分组方式更适合移动学习活动开展,学习效率更高.     

激活被动语言知识 优化英语输出质量

探讨了在语言学习过程中被动知识与主动知识之间的关系,提出了成功地将被动知识转化为主动知识的必要性,以及如何运用各种途径激活被动知识,从而提高英语输出的质量。文中同时提及如何通过自主学习和学习策略的培养,包括认知策略和元认知策略的培养,内化被动知识,进一步提高语言掌握和运用能力。     

公共医疗服务手册翻译中的知识运用

公共医疗服务手册的翻译有自身鲜明的特点,突出表现为三种知识运用的形式,即课题研究、术语规范和语言表达的文化因素,而非单纯语言交际行为。通过对中译英医学翻译文本的分析可知,三种知识运用的形式反复交叉出现,反映出医学翻译复杂性、灵活性和专业性的特点。对知识运用的了解和掌握,一方面有利于推进科技翻译的实践工作,另一方面也能为相关的理论研究提供新的角度。     

Morphological awareness and learning to read Chinese

This study investigated the nature of morphological awareness and its relation to learning to read Chinese characters among 46 Chinese-speaking preschool children. The children took a morphological awareness task, which varied in semantic transparency and morpheme position. Children’s vocabulary knowledge and extant character reading ability were measured. Additionally, a character learning task was administered. Results showed that children’s performances on morphological awareness were affected by semantic transparency but not by morpheme position. Morphological awareness was related to vocabulary knowledge when partialling out character reading ability but not to character reading ability after partialling out vocabulary knowledge. The results of the character learning task further revealed that morphological awareness was related to character identification in the words that were just taught but not to character identification in the words that were not taught or in pseudowords. The relation between morphological awareness and character identification ceased to be significant when partialling out the variance in children’s prior knowledge of the characters to be learnt. Taken together, the findings suggested that vocabulary knowledge may play a more important role than reading ability in the initial development of morphological awareness and that the facilitative effect of morphological knowledge in reading does not seem to be significant in the very initial stages of reading acquisition.     

Enhancing Phonological Awareness and Letter Knowledge in Preschool Children with Down Syndrome

This study investigated the effectiveness of a phonological awareness intervention for 4‐year‐old children with Down syndrome. Seven children with Down syndrome who attended an early intervention centre participated in the intervention. Their performance on measures of phonological awareness (initial phoneme identity), letter name and sound knowledge, and print concepts pre‐intervention and post‐intervention, was compared with that of a randomly selected group of age‐matched peers with typical development. The intervention involved print referencing techniques whereby the children’s parents were instructed to bring the children’s attention to targeted letters and sounds within words and to draw their attention to the initial phonemes in words during daily shared book reading activities. The intervention was presented for a 6‐week period. The results indicated a significant treatment effect on phonological awareness and letter knowledge for the children with Down syndrome. Additionally, above‐chance performance on the initial phoneme identity task was contingent on letter knowledge of the particular phoneme. Individual profiles of the children with Down syndrome pre‐intervention and post‐intervention are presented, and implications for the management of preschool children approaching the age of integration into mainstream primary schools are discussed.     

课堂的分享意识与知识的自主建构

解决传统课堂教学的质量和效率困惑的一个关键问题是如何培养师生的课堂分享意识,分享是双向的沟通、彼此的给予、共同的拥有,她既是展示,也是引领,更是平等,通过分享意识的培养,引导师生学会倾听、对话,在一个开放和谐的学习共同体中共享思维、智慧与方法,以个体的经验、信念为背景科学地决定学习的取舍性与取舍度,完成对所学知识的意义建构。     

本体认知视角下的大学英语合作学习

通过内省与案例分析,以大学英语合作学习为例,从本体认知的角度,探讨合作学习中参与者本体意识的作用与重要性。研究发现：（1）大学英语合作学习中,共享意识并非起到决定作用;（2）本体意识与共享意识相互关联,但本体意识起主导作用;（3）本体意识与共享意识的相互作用是通过参与者对合作小组的本体意识的输入来完成的。     

远程学习支持新发展与知识工程

随着网络等双向通信技术在远程教育中的应用，交互逐渐成为远程学习的重要因素，这种变化使得原来以支持独立学习为主的学习支持难以满足远程学习的需求，实践发展需要一种具有智能性和交互性特征的，支持交互、协作和社区化的学习支持，因此，这就需要借鉴和吸收其他学科的理论和方法。知识工程是源于专家系统而形成的一门研究人类智能及人类知识的机理，以及如何用机器模拟人的智能并促进人类知识发展的学科，该领域的研究为学习支持在交互和智能化方面的研究提供了重要的技术和方法基础。因此，本提出远程学习支持的新特征和关键研究领域，并重点探讨了知识工程有关领域在支持未来远程学习支持相关技术的研究和开发方面的潜力。作希望本能够对远程学习支持的理论和研究提供新的视角。     

现代企业的知识和知识的学习

知识经济时代 ,知识和学习构成企业竞争的核心能力。本文论述了企业知识的独特内涵和特有的体系结构 ,分析了现代企业的新型学习模式 ,在此基础上 ,提出了促进企业知识学习的主要措施。     

Name writing but not environmental print recognition is related to letter-sound knowledge and phonological awareness in pre-readers

This paper reports a study exploring the associations between measures of two levels of phonological representation: recognition (epi-linguistic) and production (meta-linguistic) tasks, and very early reading and writing skills. Thirty-eight pre-reading Ottawa-area children, aged 4–5 years, named environmental print (EP), wrote their own name, identified correct names and EP words amongst foils and detected foil letters within EP and names. Results showed that phonological awareness and letter-sound knowledge were not related to EP recognition. Name writing accuracy and name identification were related to both levels of phonological awareness. Furthermore, name writing showed a unique association with phonological awareness even after letter-sound knowledge was controlled statistically. Pre-readers may first use meta-linguistic phonological awareness in their name writing and identification prior to learning to read.