The impact of PL 94-142 on the practice of school psychology: A national survey

This paper presents the results of a national survey of school psychologists to determine the impact of PL 94-142 on the role of the school psychologist. Data were based on responses to 856 surveys by practicing school psychologists who were selected randomly from the NASP membership list during 1979-80. The results suggested that this legislation has had remarkably little impact on the evaluation procedures used or on the school psychologist's role. The two clear changes that have occurred may have negative implications for psychological services (e.g., an increased focus on handicapped children and increased paperwork). It was found that many school psychologists are involved in evaluation, but do not have time to be involved in the IEP process, or to provide follow-up consultation, or direct intervention for prevention and/or therapeutic purposes. This problem was exacerbated in districts that had ratios of greater than 1,000 to 1. Despite these problems, many respondents view the legislation in positive terms, and feel it has helped to enlarge the scope of practice.     

Public law 94–142: Practicing school psychologists' perceptions of how this law affects them

A questionnaire regarding PL 94–142 and its effects upon the practice of school psychology was developed and mailed to 389 members of the National Association of School Psychologists. Information regarding professional training, years of experience, and type of service system was obtained for the purpose of various group comparisons. Age, sex, number of years of experience, and type of service system were specifically chosen for statistical analysis. Overall results suggested two relatively divergent views expressed by practitioners. The first was the stated belief that school psychology will become much more closely tied to the field of special education, while an alternative opinion was that the field will remain as diverse as the systems it serves.     

入侵检测和漏洞检测系统

入侵检测具有监视分析用户和系统的行为、审计系统配置和漏洞、评估敏感系统和数据的完整性、识别攻击行为、对异常行为进行统计、自动地收集和系统相关的补丁、进行审计跟踪识别违反安全法规的行为、使用诱骗服务器记录黑客行为等功能,使系统管理员可以较有效地监视、审计、评估自己的系统.漏洞检测就是对重要计算机信息系统进行检查,发现其中可被黑客利用的漏洞.这种技术通常采用两种策略,即被动式策略和主动式策略.被动式策略是基于主机的检测,对系统中不合适的设置、脆弱的口令以及其他同安全规则相抵触的对象进行检查;而主动式策略是基于网络的检测,通过执行一些脚本文件对系统进行攻击,并记录它的反应,从而发现其中的漏洞.漏洞检测的结果实际上就是系统安全性能的一个评估,它指出了哪些攻击是可能的,因此成为安全方案的一个重要组成部分.