试论脑科学与教育科学

从心理学、内因与外因的关系以及洛扎诺夫外语教学法多个角度论证脑科学与教育科学的紧密关系,认为教育科学必须重视脑科学理论研究、吸收脑科学研究的最新成果,加强脑科学与教育科学的结合,促进教育改革和教育实践。     

素质教育新理念:人文教育与科学教育融合

一、素质教育的基点——教育目的基点 现代教育理论认为,从宏观的角度来看,教育的目的是为了促进社会的发展、促进经济的发展和促进人的发展。然而,曾几何时,对教育的目的却不是这样界定的,教育只提为社会发展服务,甚至,“为无产阶级政治服务”成了教育的唯一目的。教育即使也曾关注经济,却过分强调如何去适应,如何让教育有实用价值,如“面对市场经济浪潮,教育     

论科技教育与道德教育的关系

科技教育和道德教育在人的素质发展中起着不同的作用,应用同时重视这两种教育;二之间存在着紧密的联系,这种联系既表现为相互促进,又表现为相互障碍,应把二结合起来,发挥其相互促进的作用。     

全球化下高等教育理想与现实的张力

全球化催生的市场与竞争构建了高等教育新的生存境况。随着高等教育属性的变化,高等教育传统理想在产业属性和经济功能空前彰显的现实境况中被挤压或遗忘。高等教育传统理想所遭遇的困境从一个方面而言是现代高等教育机构灵活性与环境适应性的表证,另一方面高等教育可以而且能够对全球化进行必要的理性反省和批判,审视自身传统理想和信念的价值光辉。     

Beyond Evolution: Addressing Broad Interactions Between Science and Religion in Science Teacher Education

Science and religion are two indisputably profound and durable cultural forces with a complex history of interaction. As ASTE members are aware, these interactions often manifest themselves in classrooms and in the surrounding communities. In this essay, we encourage science teacher educators to broaden their perspectives of science–religion interactions so that they may better assist pre- and in-service science teachers with addressing topics such as the age and origins of the universe and biological evolution in an appropriate manner. We first introduce some foundational scholarship into the historical interactions between science and religion as well as current efforts to maintain healthy dialogue between perspectives that are frequently characterized as innately in conflict with or mutually exclusive of one another. Given that biological evolution is the dominant science–religion issue of our day, in particular in the USA, we next summarize the origins and strategies of anti-evolution movements via the rise and persistence of Christian Fundamentalism. We then summarize survey and qualitative sociological research indicating disparities between academic scientists and the general public with regard to religious beliefs to help us further understand our students’ worldviews and the challenges they often face in campus-to-classroom transitions. We conclude the essay by providing resources and practical suggestions, including legal considerations, to assist science teacher educators with their curriculum and outreach.     

Why the Difference Between Explanation and Argument Matters to Science Education

Contributing to the recent debate on whether or not explanations ought to be differentiated from arguments, this article argues that the distinction matters to science education. I articulate the distinction in terms of explanations and arguments having to meet different standards of adequacy. Standards of explanatory adequacy are important because they correspond to what counts as a good explanation in a science classroom, whereas a focus on evidence-based argumentation can obscure such standards of what makes an explanation explanatory. I provide further reasons for the relevance of not conflating explanations with arguments (and having standards of explanatory adequacy in view). First, what guides the adoption of the particular standards of explanatory adequacy that are relevant in a scientific case is the explanatory aim pursued in this context. Apart from explanatory aims being an important aspect of the nature of science, including explanatory aims in classroom instruction also promotes students seeing explanations as more than facts, and engages them in developing explanations as responses to interesting explanatory problems. Second, it is of relevance to science curricula that science aims at intervening in natural processes, not only for technological applications, but also as part of experimental discovery. Not any argument enables intervention in nature, as successful intervention specifically presupposes causal explanations. Students can fruitfully explore in the classroom how an explanatory account suggests different options for intervention.     

中国近代大学人文教育与科学教育位序演变的考察

人教育在中国古代教育史中处于中心的位序。近代随着西方科学技术不GP东渐,科学教育进驻大学,井在大学课程结构中占据重要的位序,人教育的中心位序受到挤压,呈现出两并存的状况。如何协调两关系,成了近代人苦苦思索的问题。近代人以中国传统化的信仰为前提,提出“中体西用”,作为一种化论式回应现代化的挑战。近代人在处理中学与西学关系上的构想,对今天如何协调人教育与科学教育,仍然具有参考价值和借鉴意义。     

现代教育的定位和张力

人们往往把强调知识技能、教师传授知识技能和规范学生行为、对知识的掌握、统一性和标准化、教师对教育过程和学生的控制等看作是传统教育的特征 ,而把强调能力和素质、学生自己发现知识和自觉行为、创造性的发展、个性和兴趣的发展、学生的自主性等归诸于现代教育。但是 ,事实上前者并不属于传统教育的范畴 ,它同样也是现代教育的一种特征。这两者作为现代教育的两种“极性”,正随着现代教育的成熟而趋向于保持适度的张力     

科学哲学研究中的必要张力——“科学哲学:现状与问题”全国研讨会述评

2013年在梅州召开的"科学哲学:现状与问题"全国研讨会,非常成功。其中,武汉大学程炼教授和北京大学吴国盛教授分别从两个重要的侧面考察了科学哲学。前者因其着重于"精细的语义分析",有点像逻辑主义,而后者因其着重于"对概念历史渊源的追溯",则有点像历史主义。对科学哲学研究而言,我们所要做的是科学史与科学哲学的结合,逻辑主义与历史主义的统一,"精细的语义分析"与"追溯概念的历史渊源",两者之间应当保持"必要的张力"。     

直觉教育实践的张力与限制

直觉教育实践的张力是指教师在教育情境中实践的直觉与实践的制度、逻辑以及教师惯习等规约因素的相互联系、相互制约的作用关系。逐渐建构起来的教师专业,充满了对直觉教育实践的诉求。教育实践的无穷魅力常常处于"应基于此"的直觉实践的底线和"不止于此"直觉实践的张力。同时,教师直觉实践的发生又存在内、外限制的合理性,而极端的限制会导致教师实践的直觉的"偏失"与"缺失",出现张力匮乏的现象。     

中美幼儿科学教育课程的差异性比较

本文对中国与美国幼儿科学教育课程的差异性从课程名称、课程目标、课程内容和课程实施四个方面进行了比较分析。     

论20世纪我国大学人文教育与科学教育位序的演变

20世纪我国大学人文教育与科学教育位序的演变特征表现为：在科学主义与专业建制特征的背景下,大学教育出现科学化倾向,人文教育因其科学化、泛政治化和意识形态化,而导致人文精神遮蔽和人文教育缺场。要切实推进大学人文教育与科学教育的结合,大学教育必须加强人文教育,实施素质教育。     

Science of Education

ABSTRACT

With more students pursuing university, it becomes essential for high schools to provide training that maximizes their graduates’ success. There is debate over whether an extra year of high school better prepares students for university. The authors used a nationally representative survey to contrast academic and employment outcomes between high school graduates of Grade 12 and Grade 13. Results suggest that Grade 13 graduates obtain higher grades in high school, are more likely to pursue university, and are less likely to be employed full time compared with Grade 12 graduates. Among students enrolled in university, Grade 13 graduates report higher grades in university and satisfaction with their program and do not transfer out of their programs compared to Grade 12 graduates. These findings highlight the importance of an additional year of high school to produce better prepared and more satisfied graduates.     

Ideas and Ideals of Jewish Education: Initiating a Conversation on Visions of Jewish Education

Barry Holtz' (2003) presentation of a map of orientations for the teaching of Bible provides a certain kind of focus for research, enabling us to ask deeper and richer question about those orientations. This article investigates the teaching of one teacher, in two different settings— more specifically, how that teacher introduces Bible in those settings— as a way of generating insight into the particular features of what Holtz calls the “contextual orientation.” Building on the sketch that Holtz offers, it explores the internal variation within that orientation, and hence begins to reveal some of the pedagogic possibilities.     

Accomplishing the Visions for Teacher Education Programs Advocated in the <Emphasis Type="Italic">National Science Education Standards</Emphasis>

The purpose of this study was to investigate the advantages of an approach to instruction using current problems and issues as curriculum organizers and illustrating how teaching must change to accomplish real learning. The study sample consisted of 41 preservice science teachers (13 males and 28 females) in a model science teacher education program. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were used to determine success with science discipline-specific “Societal and Educational Applications” courses as one part of a total science teacher education program at a large Midwestern university. Students were involved with idea generation, consideration of multiple points of views, collaborative inquiries, and problem solving. All of these factors promoted grounded instruction using constructivist perspectives that situated science with actual experiences in the lives of students.