试辨“被”字句、被动句和受事主语句

被字句、被动句和受事主语句是三个不同的概念,这三个概念的出发点各自不同,所表达的语法意义是不尽相同的,但又存在着交集。     

《暂拟系统》词组(结构)、《系统提要》短语、林祥楣主编《现代汉语》句法结构比较

《暂拟系统》词组 (结构 )、《系统提要》短语和林祥楣主编的《现代汉语》句法结构在名称、分类标准方面互有异同 ;并存在明显的继承与发展关系。如《系统提要》对《暂拟系统》的连动与兼语五种复杂谓语进行归纳、探讨 ;林本继承了《系统提要》的诸多观点 ,且加以讨论、阐释。通过列表显示所涉诸关系。     

How writers integrate information in written text production: a developmental study

The aim of this work is to study the acquisition and development of the ability to co-ordinate information in a written text. Fourth, 6th and 8th graders and undergraduates were assigned two conditions: they were presented with either two prose passages, describing two different peoples, or only one passage giving out the same information in a single text. The subjects read the passages and had to produce a text containing the comparison between the two peoples. The analysis of the texts produced by the subjects evidenced six different information integration levels. Two dependent variables were used:

1. the highest level present in each protocol
2. the percentage of level presence in each protocol.

For both variables, data show a developmental trend: older subjects tend to use more complex levels. In the older subjects the highest and the most frequent levels coincide in most cases; in the other age groups a differentiation between these two variables is observed. The two conditions produce different results: subjects perform better when presented with the single text. Moreover the use of the levels in the two conditions depends on and interacts with age. The younger subjects are more sensitive to the difficulty degree of the task and, as age increases, the two tasks give rise to performances more similar to one another.     

Introduction to the special issue on the dynamics of written word production: methods,models and processing units

Reading and Writing - During the three past decades, written production models were essentially aimed at proposing a static view of the processes implemented to produce words. However, there are an...     

考虑质量成本和需求替代的再制造生产计划

以单计划周期内总生产成本最小为目标,考虑回收件质量差异对生产成本的影响,建立了面向再制造生产计划的非线性整数规划模型.采用3种不同的再制造和废弃策略,比较总生产成本的变化规律.研究结果表明:当回收量小于需求量时,无需考虑分级,但需使用新零部件以满足再制造需求;当回收量大于需求量时,优先采用高质量回收件和优先废弃低质量的...     

双宾兼语句的语法、语义和语用特征

双宾兼语句是指双宾语句中带兼语的句子,是现代汉语中很有特色的一种句式。从三个平面的角度对双宾兼语句的语法、语义和语用特征进行分析,能够更全面了解这种句式的特点,从而加深对现代汉语句法结构系统的认识。     

新闻英语中的语法隐喻及其翻译

语法隐喻是人类认识世界的一种重要手段,它可以把事件、活动、情绪、思想等转化为实体,语法隐喻在新闻英语中有广泛的应用,存在于导语(lead)、标题(headline)与正文(body)之中。本文主要针对新闻英语中语法隐喻的英语与翻译措施进行分析。     

古代汉语使动用法的句式特征、句式意义和语用限制条件

使动中作述语的名词、形容词等可视为古代词多功能性的表现。使动结构是一种准句式,它与同义的使字式有句式转换、传承关系,其句式意义是：由于某个相关事物的影响,致使宾语发生述语显示的非自主性改变或活动。使动的句义构成是理解、辨识它的依据,而宾语发生改变或活动的非自主性则是其自身立句以及与多数使字式分工的条件。     

电视新闻标题的策划、创意与制作

标题是新闻的重要组成部分,它起着揭示新闻内容,引导受众的重要作用。电视媒体集视听于一体,形象、逼真、生动,但同时又稍纵即逝,不易保存。本文通过对电视新闻标题的深入分析,归纳出电视新闻标题的特征、作用及其策划、创意与制作原则和技巧,对当前电视新闻标题策划、创意具有现实的指导意义。     

中国式英语在语法方面错误的表现及原因分析

中国式英语是以中文为母语的英语学习者在英语学习过程中造成的一种中介语现象,在语音、词汇、语法、语篇等各个层次都有所体现。就语法方面而言,英汉在语法形态和句法方面的巨大差异给中国学习者带来了很大困难,但这些语法上的困难是学习者完全可以克服的。     

医学英语的语法衔接及其翻译技巧

以英国语言学家韩礼德(M. A. K. Halliday) 与哈桑(R. Hasan) 提出的"衔接"(cohesion)理论为依据,分析语法衔接,即照应、替代、省略与连接词等几种衔接手段在医学英语中的使用,并探讨其在英汉翻译过程中的处理手段和方法.     

Collaboration, creativity and the co-construction of oral and written texts

In this paper we explore how primary school children ‘learn to collaborate’ and ‘collaborate to learn’ on creative writing projects by using diverse cultural artefacts—including oracy, literacy and ICT. We begin by reviewing some key sociocultural concepts which serve as a theoretical framework for the research reported. Secondly, we describe the context in which the children talked and worked together to create their projects. This context is a ‘learning community’ developed as part of an innovative educational programme with the aim of promoting the social construction of knowledge among all participants. We then present microgenetic analyses of the quality of the interaction and dialogues taking place as peers worked together on their projects, and how these collaborative processes and uses of the mediational artefacts were taken up by the children. In order to exemplify these processes, our analyses centre on a selection of examples of dialogues, texts and multimedia products of stories created by groups of fourth grade (9-10 years old) children. Overall, the work reveals the dynamic functioning in educational settings of some central sociocultural concepts. These include: co-construction; intertextuality and intercontextuality amongst oracy, literacy and uses of ICT; collaborative creativity; development of dialogical and text production strategies and appropriation of diverse cultural artefacts for knowledge construction.     

江西南昌话中的“拿”字及其相关句式

江西南昌话中有一个用法非常活跃的"拿",它可以作动词、介词、连词。做动词时有"持拿"、"拿取"、"给予"、"让"等意义;作介词时可表处置。南昌话表处置意义的"拿"字句对应于普通话的处置式"把"字句,但仍有一些自己的特点。     

《元曲选》中动词重叠的格式、语法意义及表达功能

《元曲选》宾白的动词重叠可以从重叠格式、语法意义及表达功能三方面进行考察。重叠的格式分为两大类12小类,其主要格式是单音节重叠的“A－A”式。单音节重叠式及双音节的“ABAB”系列的主要语法意义是表“时短量小”,双音节的“AABB”式则表“时长量大”。否定形式则含有“应该如此”的语法意义。其表达功能与重叠式的时间特征有密切关系。《元曲选》宾白因其体裁特点,使其未然动作的重叠式占优势。表未然动作的重叠式的表达功能主要是缓和语气;表已然动作的重叠式的表达功能主要是叙述或描挥。     

Effects of orthographic consistency and word length on the dynamics of written production in adults: psycholinguistic and rTMS experiments

Reading and Writing - Recent studies on written word production aim at studying how information is transmitted between central (linguistic) and peripheral (motor) processes. Neurocognitive models...     

试论语法分析中句法、语义、语用的三位一体性

在语法分析中要区分三个平面——句法平面、语义平面和语用平面,这三个平面是相互联系、相互制约、相互影响的,具有三位一体性。对句子进行语法分析时,要注意把握三个平面的三位一体性。从而使句子从静态分析达到动态分析,这也将对对外汉语语法教学有重大的指导意义。     

加强文字管理规范社会用字

文字是辅助语言进行交际的重要工具 ,而社会用字是流通于社会 ,用于社会交际领域的文字。社会用字大致包括四个方面 :出版印刷用字 ,影视用字 ,计算机用字和城镇街头用字。它面向公众 ,影响最大 ,具有强烈的社会性。所以 ,我们在使用时就必须遵守统一的明确的标准。只有这样社会交际才能顺利实现 ,社会生产和人民生活才能有条不紊地进行。多年来 ,我国推行汉字正字法 ,规范汉字字形 ,做了许多工作 ,并取得了成效。但我们也看到 ,目前在社会用字方面仍然存在着比较严重的混乱现象 ,具体表现为滥用繁体字 ,乱造简化字 ,随便写错别字等等。社会…     

英语的语法衔接与高级英语阅读理解

现代英语的语法衔接是英语语篇的非结构性特征,是指语篇内部的上下衔接,揭示的是句间不同成分之间的语义和逻辑联系.探讨英语的语法衔接手段,即照应、替代、省略和连接,对高级英语的阅读理解有指导意义,也可更有效地提高高校英语专业高年级学生的阅读理解能力.     

遵义方言名词的语法特点及功能

本文讨论遵义方言名词的语法特点和功能。包括:一、语法特点,二、语法功能。