朱生豪的诗、书信与小言

朱生豪是中国翻译莎士比亚作品较早和最多的一人,但他也是一位文学创作者。他的作品可以归纳为诗、书信和小言三大部分。少年情怀的诗朱生豪的文才从诗歌开始展露。1927、1928、1929年,嘉兴秀州中学校刊《秀州钟》上分别刊载了朱生豪写的三首诗歌《城墙晚眺》《柳荫中》《雨丝》。这是现在找到的朱生豪最早的习作。     

The Rationalization of Korean Universities

Minerva - The expansion of the higher education system and the rationalization of universities in South Korea, while broadly following the global patterns, reflect the characteristics of the...     

唐诗之路 千年盛观

有这样一条路,没有路牌,却是400多位唐代诗人用1500多首诗歌铺成的人文山水走廊。有这样一条线,长几百公里,覆盖2万多平方公里,虽沉寂千年,却与丝绸之路、茶马古道、古蜀道一样回响着文化遗韵。这——就是浙东唐诗之路。在这条诗歌路上,一座座耸立在云雾缭绕中的灵性山峰,一条条隐藏在青山绿水中的古驿道,来自唐代的诗人们在此纵情自然,往来唱和。如今,这条唐诗之路正准备申报世界文化线路遗产,新昌等沿途县市已组建起     

浙东“唐诗之路”

浙东有条唐诗之路。这是指浙东的一条不平凡的路。它像一根神奇的金丝线,串起两旁的山水风光、人文逸事,因而吸引了唐朝众多的诗人先后来到这里,踏歌而行,长吟以乐,成为中国文化史上的一段奇迹。这条路被今人称之为唐诗之路而名扬海内外;也成为今天浙江建设文化大省的一个亮点。     

From Regulatory Knowledge to Regulatory Decisions: The European Evaluation of Medicines

Medicines regulators have generally adopted a scientistic view of medicines evaluation, which they present as an exercise that should—and indeed can—be purely “objective,” based only on knowledge produced through validated research protocols. The growing body of social science literature analyzing the regulation of medicines has questioned this pretense of objectivity and underlined the socio-political construction of evidence on the risks and benefits of medicines. But while the European Medicines Agency has become the dominant regulatory body in Europe and a key player at world level, very few studies have investigated its actual practices. Based on interviews with European regulators, but also on direct observations of several meetings of the European Medicines Agency’s main expert committee, this article aims to analyze how regulatory knowledge is defined and then transformed into regulatory decisions. First, it describes the main characteristics of European medicines regulation and the historical definition of what can count as “objective” evidence on the safety and efficacy of medicines. Second, it demonstrates that experts use many different types of knowledge in building their opinions: the results of studies, but also knowledge about firms’ past and present strategies, about patients’ needs and future behavior, about the state of research and clinical practices, and about legal and policy-making issues. Third, it explains why, in spite of the various forms of knowledge involved, experts manage to produce consensual opinions on medicines and why these opinions are considered genuine decisions in the sector.     

Space for Ambitions: The Dutch Space Program in Changing European and Transatlantic Contexts

Why would a small country like the Netherlands become active in space? The field was monopolized by large countries with large military establishments, especially in the early years of spaceflight. Nevertheless, the Netherlands established a space program in the late 1960s. In this paper I will analyze the backgrounds of Dutch space policy in international post-war politics, national industrial policy, and science. After the Second World War, European space activities were shaped by the interplay between transatlantic and European cooperation and competition, limited by American Cold War diplomacy. At the national level, the Dutch space program was shaped firstly by two powerful companies, Philips electronics and Fokker Aircraft. As I will demonstrate, these two firms sought to gain crucial management skills as well as technological ones. Meanwhile, the nation’s astronomers were able to capitalize on an advantageous confluence of political, economic and scientific ambitions to forward their own agenda. They succeeded in obtaining two of the most expensive scientific instruments ever built in the Netherlands: the Astronomical Netherlands Satellite (ANS, launched 1974) and the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS, 1983). Both were joint Dutch-American missions, but the nature of the cooperation on each was very different, reflecting the changing relationship between America and Western Europe from the 1950s until the 1980s.