浅谈混沌的研究方法与混沌控制

介绍了混沌的起源、发展、详细论述了研究混沌的主要数学方法,它们的主要优点及其局限性,以及控制混沌的重要性与控制混沌的方法,就混沌在一些学科及实际中的应用作了简略的介绍,并就混沌的未来发展作了展望。     

反拨:深刻的理论和艰涩的实践

冯雪峰在强劲的主流艺思潮之下坚持独立的思考,试图冲破艺与政治关系问题上的“左”倾教条主义,始终坚持反对宗派主义,竭力扭转公式化概念化的创作倾向。深刻的理论之所以难以付诸实践,不能不归咎于那“大”“小”化背景的强力限制。     

A Longitudinal Study of Consistency and Change in Self-Esteem from Early Adolescence to Early Adulthood

In a longitudinal study of 47 girls and 44 boys, developmental change in self-esteem (SE) was examined from early adolescence through late adolescence to early adulthood. Males tended to increase and females tended to decrease in SE over time. There was appreciable rank-order consistency in SE over time. Within each gender, the considerable individual differences in developmental trajectories were coherently related to personality characteristics independently assessed in early adolescence. Boys and girls with high SE possessed quite different personality characteristics in early adolescence; by early adulthood, although important differences remained, the personality characteristics associated with high SE were similar for the 2 sexes. Discussion focuses on the implications of our findings for the "consistency versus change" debate, the influence of gender-role socialization on SE development, and the importance of examining normative, gender-specific, and individual developmental change in SE.     

走出混沌:新课程语文教育批判——兼与潘新和先生商榷

潘新和先生在评述黎锦熙母语教育思想时,未能将黎锦熙所说的“国文”和“语文”区分,强调在“语文”教学中进一步强化人文教育.潘先生的这种思想在当今我国母语教育界极具代表性.忽视不同内容价值取向的差异,一味笼而统之地去建构所谓的“语文乌托邦”,只能让师生在教学中顾此失彼.深化母语课程改革应进一步细分学科:语文科培养实用语文能力,文学科培养审美能力,国学文化科旨在帮助学生进一步了解“中华民族最深沉的精神追求”.分科教学可以为“心意乌托邦”的构建找到合适的位置.     

一类新的混沌系统及其混沌控制

构造了一个新的三维自治混沌系统,该系统含有四个参数,三个非线性项.通过理论分析和相轨迹图、分岔图、Lyapunov指数谱等非线性动力学分析方法研究了系统的非线性动力学行为.最后运用线性反馈控制法对新混沌系统进行控制,将混沌轨道控制到稳定的周期轨道,并给出了数值仿真结果,证实了所设计的线性反馈控制器的有效性.     

新课程实施中的问题透视

课程实施是课程改革的关键环节。通过对课程实施过程中问题与障碍的考察，透视课程改革的成效，是当前教育理论工作者与实践工作者的当务之急。本文运用质化与量化两种研究的方法，通过对全国十个实验区的调查研究，提出当前课程改革的几个突出问题：课程实施资源的严重缺乏；考核改革的滞后；教师面临的压力重重。     

康德之“德福一致”观点探析

康德认为斯多亚派和伊壁鸠鲁派在道德和幸福关系问题上的争论陷入了二律悖反,于是从"至善"入手,试图将道德与幸福在超验世界统一起来,以此来论证德行为和幸福关系的真理性.康德之"德福一致"观点认为,在实践领域,道德和幸福是统一的,是至善--完满的善.康德所言之至善在人的现实生活中并非渺不可及,对于人类而言是有其现实可能性的.     

从主观感受的角度对学习困难内涵的质的研究

用质的研究方法(范式),从学生主观心理感受的角度对学习困难的内涵进行研究。认为：学习困难的内涵从主观感受上应包含“他人观念的学习困难”和“自我观念的学习困难”。它是与周围同伴相比而产生学习无能的“比较值”和“自我感觉”,表现为6种不同的类型,在个人身上可能一致,也可能不一致;学习困难具有发展性。随环境的变化而变化;质的研究方法与个案研究对学习困难的和理论研究和实践干预应有其独特的作用。     

一类改进的Sprott-F系统的混沌及其控制

分析了一类改进的Sprott—F系统的动力学行为,通过数值计算方法分析了系统由周期运动到混沌运动的转迁过程,利用了x｜x｜控制方法,系统的混沌行为可以有效的控制并得到稳定的周期轨道,数值仿真表明了这个方法的可行性和有效性。     

新闻传播失范与制度

新闻传播是一种制度化的传播行为，即新闻传播活动必须在一定的制度规范下进行，但现实的新闻传播活动，失范行为时有发生，屡禁不止。这主要是因为：一、规范新闻传播活动的正式制度供给不足，二、规范新闻传播活动的非正式制度逐渐消解。这就必然导致新闻传播监管盲区的产生与调控乏国。因此，强化制度体系的建设是解决失范问题的根本途径。     

Testosterone during Pregnancy and Gender Role Behavior of Preschool Children: A Longitudinal, Population Study

Levels of testosterone (T) and sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) were measured in blood samples from pregnant women and related to gender role behavior in 342 male and 337 female offspring at the age of 3.5 years. Gender role behavior was assessed using the Pre–School Activities Inventory, a standardized measure on which a parent indicates the child's involvement with sex–typical toys, games, and activities. Levels of T, but not SHBG, related linearly to gender role behavior in preschool girls. Neither hormone related to gender role behavior in boys. Other factors, including the presence of older brothers or sisters in the home, parental adherence to traditional sex roles, the presence of a male partner in the home, and maternal education, did not relate to gender role behavior in this sample and did not account for the relation observed between T and behavior. Although other, unmeasured factors may explain the relation, the results suggest that normal variability in T levels prenatally may contribute to the development of individual differences in the gender role behavior of preschool girls.     

“路事”与“乱事”:载泽与辛亥年干路国有风潮

载泽在辛亥年干路国有风潮中扮演了重要角色。他与盛宣怀谋划干路国有,授意石长信上折,在未经资政院、咨议局和内阁参与的情况下,迅速促动朝廷定为政策。在制定收路办法时,载泽偏信盛宣怀,对四省采取区别对待,加剧了川省反抗情绪。保路风潮发生后,他力主强硬对待,极力争取载沣的强硬态度,与主张和缓办理的总协理大臣频起争执。载泽为弹压保路风潮,力保岑春煊出山,而岑仍主张安抚,令其大失所望。载泽坚称保路风潮的根源不在于干路国有政策,忽视了危如累卵之际民心的影响力,终至局面失控。     

Conceptualizing the Classroom of Target Students: A Qualitative Investigation of Panelists' Experiences during Standard Setting

Increasingly, research has focused on the cognitive processes associated with various standard-setting activities. This qualitative study involved an examination of 16 third-grade reading teachers' experiences with the cognitive task of conceptualizing an entire classroom of hypothetical target students when the single-passage bookmark method or the yes/no method was used during a one-day mock panel meeting. Data were collected using in-depth focus group interviews with eight participants from each of the panel meetings, and a whole-text analysis revealed three categories. Most participants experienced difficulty in attempting to conceive of an entire classroom of target students. Most of them were ultimately unable to do so and made use of alternative cognitive strategies. More fundamental issues also contributed to the difficulties experienced in attempting to complete the required cognitive task. Implications of the findings for standard setting and for further research are also discussed.     

英国开放大学外部质量控制的质性研究——专业人员的视角

英国开放大学以其优异的教学质量在国际远程教育界享有很高的声望,而高质量的教学是外部质量控制与内部质量保证综合作用的结果。本文以影响英国开放大学高质量水准的外部因素为切入点,采用质性研究范式,运用半开放问题访谈法,对英国开放大学的15名专业人员进行了深度访谈,并使用质性研究工具Nvivo8.0对访谈内容进行了话语分析,从而揭示出影响和控制英国开放大学质量的外部影响因素,希望能对我国开放大学的建设具有借鉴意义。     

Intimacy of Friendship, Interpersonal Competence, and Adjustment during Preadolescence and Adolescence

This study examined the hypotheses that (a) intimacy of friendship is more integral to socioemotional adjustment during adolescence than preadolescence, and (b) that competence in close relationship skills is more important during adolescence than preadolescence. Subjects were 102 10-13-year-old preadolescents and 70 13-16-year-old adolescents. Self- and friend ratings of friendship intimacy were gathered using a 2-step procedure ensuring that students rated only reciprocated friendships. Self- and friend ratings of close relationship competence were gathered using the newly developed Adolescent Interpersonal Competence Questionnaire. Intimacy of friendship was consistently and moderately correlated with adjustment and competence among adolescents but less consistently related among preadolescents. Significant age differences in coefficients were predominantly found for correlates of self-reported rather than friend-reported intimacy. Overall, the findings support the view that the ability to establish close, intimate friendships becomes increasingly important during early adolescence.     

“人”“文”合壁:作文教学的要义

长期的个性箝制,窒息了学生的母语感悟和文学才情。学生从作文的虚伪滑向做人的虚伪．从“统一说话”滑向“双重人格”。作文教学要从本质上厘清“人”与“文”的关系,使“人”融入“文”,“文”又高扬着“人”;要培养学生的悟性、灵性和人格,真正建构以人为本,“人”、“文”合壁的作文机制。     

Sex and Pregnancy: A Perinatal Educator's Guide

This article is a continuation in the author's growing series of articles on intimacy and sexuality in the transition to parenthood and its relationship with perinatal education. So many couples in the author's perinatal education practice feel that health professionals are uncomfortable discussing sex and pregnancy. Indeed, the couples have so many questions and concerns regarding this subject; they are seeking answers so that they may better understand and cope with the changes in this aspect of their relationship. Perinatal education group encounters or special sessions are the ideal setting to discuss intimacy and sexuality during pregnancy. The objectives of this article are to provide the perinatal educator with content for the group sessions and tools for teaching strategies and activities.     

美学取向的听评课何以可能:教育鉴赏与教育批评的视角

听评课具有美学的维度,教育鉴赏与教育批评能为听评课美学维度的回归提供有益的视角。在该视角下,听评课旨在意义的追寻,体现感性与理性的融合;立足于美感鉴赏,揭示并改进教学的问题;注重经验完整性,评鉴框架兼顾课堂内外;体现主体间性,强调自由与民主的合作。基于这4种特征,可以以"学习"为抓手把美学取向的听评课分为课中与课后两大方面,其中课中评鉴主要围绕学习目标、学习评价、学习体验、学习文化、学习节奏5个维度展开,课后评鉴则由学生问卷调查和教师教学满意度调查组成。     

Statistical Process Control Charts for Measuring and Monitoring Temporal Consistency of Ratings

Methods of statistical process control were briefly investigated in the field of educational measurement as early as 1999. However, only the use of a cumulative sum chart was explored. In this article other methods of statistical quality control are introduced and explored. In particular, methods in the form of Shewhart mean and standard deviation charts are introduced as techniques for ensuring quality in a measurement process for rating performance items in operational assessments. Several strengths and weaknesses of the procedures are explored with illustrative real and simulated rating data. Further research directions are also suggested .