独立学院概率论与数理统计教学现状分析与改革思考

本文通过分析独立学院概率论与数理统计课程的教学现状,指出概率论与数理统计课程教学各环节存在的一些问题,给出独立学院概率论与数理统计课程教学改革的一些思考.     

反例教学法在概率论与数理统计教学中的应用与研究--以随机事件和概率为例

在概率论与数理统计教学中,以随机事件与概率一章为教学案例,举出3个典型性反例案例,在教学中加以应用,培养学生的逆向思维和敏捷性思维。     

结合生活实际 提高学习兴趣——从古典概型的讲授中谈教学方法

根据《概率论与数理统计》课程中古典概型内容的特点,结合现代数学的认知原理及笔者的教学体验,围绕这部分内容的定义、定理、公式的主题,讲解与生活相关的有趣知识,使得课堂内容变得丰富、多样、生动,提高学习这门课的兴趣。     

浅析可靠性理论在岩土工程中的应用

岩土工程学是融土力学与基础工程、工程地质学、岩体力学三者为一体,并应用于土木工程实践而形成的新学科,研究对象为岩体和土体.与结构工程相似,它的状态是由有限个相互独立的参数确定的.这些参数大多是随机变量,依赖于人类无法控制的许多因素,其数值一般是根据试验或调查数据统计得到的.岩土工程问题是非确定性的,需要用具有非确定性模型的数学概率论和数理统计方法来解决,而基于概率论和数理统计的可靠性方法是处理岩土工程中诸多不确定性的有效方法.     

第四讲(下) 均数的抽样误差与t分布

<正> 正态性的检驗数理统计方法的理论基础是概率论,概率论研究偶然事件分布规律性,因此研究变量要符合一定的分布才能应用统计学方法处理。在应用统计方法处理数据之前应检验样本是否为正态分布。检验的方法有多种,最常见的方法是“概率格纸绘图法”(正态概     

问题导向的《生态统计学》教学方式探索

《生态统计学》是将数理统计和概率论的原理与方法应用到生态学领域,指导生态学实验调查设计、分析所获得的实验数据,进而发现普遍规律的一门学科.传统的生态统计学教学着重强调原理和公式推演,抽象枯燥,教学效果不理想.问题导向的教学方式以问题为中心和驱动力,围绕问题来组织生态统计学的教学活动,将抽象的原理和公式转化为具体的生态学实际问题,由教师引导学生进行主动学习,在分析问题、解决问题的过程中掌握知识,学会应用.问题导向的教学方式有助于提高《生态统计学》的教学质量,是该课程教学的有益探索和实践.     

体育院系跳远技术教学应用"俯角板"起跳的实验研究

采用文献资料、教学实验、数理统计等方法,对跳远起跳技术教学方法进行研究,提出了运用目标"俯角板起跳"练习的教学新方法.结果表明:运用目标"俯角板"起跳练习,能有效改进学生在跳远时的起跳技术及提高学生的起跳能力,在跳远教学中具有实际的可行性与推广性.     

对提高高校排球选修课教学效果的研究

为了探求提高高校排球选修课教学效果的改进方法,采用文献资料、问卷调查、数理统计与逻辑分析等方法,通过对高校排球选修课开展现状的研究,归纳出9个影响因素,并选取其中的学生身体素质、心理素质、教学手段与方法、排球规则、考核制度与场地器材等6大因素进行分析。总结得出针对上述因素的具体优化措施,为高校排球选修课教学提供一些借鉴。     

浅谈概率教学的几点认识

概率论与数理统计是高等院校理工科学生的一门必修课,其对于 培养学生的逻辑思维能力有着重要的作用.近20年来,随着计算机技 术的发展以及各种统计软件的开发,概率统计的思想方法在金融、经 济、运筹管理和工程技术等领域得到了非常广泛应用.因此,如何提高 概率统计这门课程的教学质量,增强理工科学生对概率统计方法的理 解及提高其应用能力已成为现代理工科数学教学的一个不得不思考 的一个课题. 概率统计的教学内容重要但是课时又比较少,那么迫使教学者必 须去思考怎样利用较少的课时来获得很好的教学质量呢?如何提高课 堂教学的效率,是我们每一个高等院校数学基础课程教师都应思考的 问题.下面,结合笔者在教学中的一些教学实践,谈一谈自己对概率统 计教学的几点认识.     

诱导式教学法在山西农业大学女子篮球教学中的运用研究

运用文献资料、问卷调查、数理统计和教学实验,对山西农业大学女子篮球教学中运用诱导式教学法的作用和效果进行研究和分析,通过教学实验表明,运用诱导式教法学可以激发学生学习兴趣和练习积极性,从而提高学生对篮球技术的运用能力,为改进普通高校女子篮球教学模式与方法提供依据和参考.     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

Identifying home advantage in international tennis and golf tournaments

A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.     

对欧洲足球技战术发展趋势的思考

结合欧洲足球技战术的发展特点,就鲁能泰山足球队的体能训练、技术训练、防守阵型、进攻方式、定位球、职业态度、球星培养等诸方面所存在的不足进行了分析,提出相应的改进意见。