吸血蛭与非吸血蛭间的氨基酸比较研究

为探究传统中药水蛭的药用成分，更好地开发利用蛭类资源，本文通过高效氨基酸分析仪，分析了云南四种蛭类的氨基酸组成．结果表明吸血蛭与非吸血蛭在氨基酸组成上有明显差异．结合以往实验，分析了非吸血蛭活血化瘀的可能药用成分，为合理开发利用蛭类资源提供了资料和建议．     

云南省蛭类动物及其区系的重要性

近年来的野外调查结果表明,云南省现有蛭类动物30种,较过去报道的24种又增加了6种．其中云南牛蛭Poecilobdella．yunanensis sp．nov．和洞穴山蛭Haemadipsa cavatuses sp．nov．为在云南发现的新种,扁舌蛭Glossiphonia Complanata,蟹蛙蛭B．cancricola,日本医蛭Hnipponia,勃氏齿蛭O．blanchardi等4种为云南省的新记录．依据淡水和陆生蛭类的,圭态地理分布对云南省的蛭类区系进行讨论,结果表明云南省的蛭类区系特征显著．     

蚌蛙蛭抗凝血蛋白的分离及抗凝血特性分析

以超速离心和肝素琼要和层析从蚌蛙蛭（Ｂａｔｒａｃｏｂｄｅｌｌａ ｋａｓｍｉａｎ）的粗提取液中分离到２抗凝血蛋白,抗凝血活性分析证明,这２种蛋白具有显著抑制凝血酶的活改天则不具有抑制凝在子Ｘａ的活性,亲和层析的蛋白洗脱峰与抑制凝血酶的活力峰相吻合,因此,蚌蛙蛭的抗凝血蛋白是属于凝再生产划笥的悌 血蛋白。本项研究结果为进一步进行蚌蛙蛭抗因蛋白抗凝血及其应用要下了基础,这是蚌蛙蛭抗凝血蛋白研究的首次报道     

吸血动物与艾滋病

在现行的人教版八年级《生物学》下册“传染病及其预防”中新增了艾滋病的有关内容，艾滋病和乙型脑炎、登革热一样同属血液传染病，在讨论其传播途径时，学生自然会问到吸血动物（如蚊子）会不会传播艾滋病的问题。现将有关吸血动物与艾滋病的资料总结如下。     

云南牛蛭部分基因注释及功能分类

以南美水蛭抗凝血Xa因子mRNA为模板设计引物,利用RT-PCR随机克隆云南牛蛭（P.yunnanensis.sp.nov）相关基因,结果得到多条片段,经严格筛选和鉴定后,确定大于200 bp ESTs序列,通过对这些ESTs序列进行聚类、拼接,结果得到10条片段,Genebank注册号分别为HQ285410,HQ285411,HQ285412,HQ285413,HQ285414,HQ285415,HQ285416,HQ285417,HQ285418,HQ285419.以上获得的云南水蛭头部和身体细胞部分转录的ESTs片段均与南美水蛭有较大差异,表明云南水蛭与南美水蛭可能使用完全不同的抗凝血机制.     

昆虫奇闻

1讨厌的蠓类夏季的傍晚,在一望无际的草甸上和稠密的森林中,常常无声地飞舞着一团团小黑虫。数量之多,使人从远处看去犹如烟雾上升。不论人、畜,只要置身于它们活动的地区,身上都会出现斑斑点点,浑身奇痒,这就是有名的吸血昆虫——蠓类,俗名也叫小咬、墨蚊、糠蚊等。个体小、危     

鼻蛭寄生特异性的比较分析

通过对云南省鼻蛭（Dinobdella ferox）分布概况的调查和标本采集，初步探明鼻蛭在昆明、楚雄、红河、思茅、西双版纳地区均有分布．实验室内用鼻蛭幼体分别对家兔、大白鼠、家鸽、牛蛙进行感染实验，结果表明：鸟类、两栖类不是鼻蛭的寄主，即使人为地进行感染，鼻蛭也不能正常生长；鼻蛭仅以哺乳动物为寄主，寄生于寄主鼻、咽腔内的鼻蛭生长迅速且呈递增趋势，在感染一个月内，蛭体重增加可达200余倍．鼻蛭的寄生会对其寄主造成严重危害，应加强对鼻蛭危害的重视，并对其分布、生活史及防治开展综合研究．     

吸血蝙蝠的诡计

动物学家比尔·斯曲特和他的学生喂养了22只蝙蝠,其中有11只是普通吸血蝙蝠,有11只是白翅吸血蝙蝠。两年来,他们一直都在为这些吸血蝙蝠提供血餐：每天一次牛血,每周一次活鸡血。     

野马的焦虑

在非洲草原上,生活着许多以吸血为生的小蝙蝠。每年因小蝙蝠吸血而死去的野马不计其数。吸血小蝙蝠小得实在有些不起眼,它们吸的血非常有限,但野马为什么会因失血致死?带着这些疑问,一些生物学家来到非洲草原。为了揭开这个谜     

抗人双特异性磷酸酶DUSP18单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

双特异性磷酸酶（Dual Specificity Phosphatase）是酪氨酸磷酸酶家族中的一员,这个家族中的成员既能对磷酸化酪氨酸去磷酸化,也能对磷酸化丝／苏氨酸去磷酸化．此外,它们还在有丝分裂原激活蛋白磷酸酶信号途径（MAPK）中起重要生理功能．为了制备抗人双特异性磷酸酶的单克隆抗体（mAb）,以DUSP18重组蛋白为抗原免疫BALB／e小鼠,通过B淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术制备抗相应磷酸酶的mAb．用Western blot检测mAb对重组蛋白和细胞中天然磷酸酶的反应性,共获得6株可稳定分泌抗磷酸酶mAb的杂交瘤细胞株,为进一步研究双特异性磷酸酶的去磷酸化作用机理以及其在有丝分裂原激活蛋白磷酸酶信号途径（MAPK）中的信号转导提供强有力的工具．     

试析莎士比亚四大悲剧中的权贵思想

悲剧往往体现着作者对现实更深刻的认识。莎士比亚一生留下了许多不朽的名篇。而其中的《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》、《李尔王》和《麦克白》则被被公认为"四大悲剧",这是莎士比亚悲剧的中心作品以至莎士比亚全部作品的转折点,是莎士比亚思想集大成者。而四大悲剧所折射的灿烂文学光芒的阴影下,则是作者体现出来的依附于权贵,取悦于王权,为王室服务的权贵思想。本文就这一现象及形成的原因进行了探讨和分析。     

四种蛭体内抗凝血活性物含量的比较研究初探

根据匈牙利BagdyD。利用水溶性介质从蛭体内提取水蛭素的方法,初步研究比较邓广泛分布于我省境内4种蛭体内搞凝血活性物含量的差异,确定了我省可用于抗凝血活性物提取的蛭类,为开发我省的蛭类动物提供了一定的依据。     

The Contribution of Infant, Maternal, and Family Conditions to Maternal Feeding Competencies

OBJECTIVE: Because little is known about the role of family problem-solving processes in the development of mothers' competencies in feeding a very low birth-weight (VLBW) infant, we explored the contribution made by the competence in negotiating displayed by a mother and family member as they jointly problem solve infant-care issues. The infant's neonatal biomedical condition, maternal depressive symptoms, and family poverty status may also contribute to feeding competencies. DESIGN: A sample of 41 mothers of VLBW infants from 2 longitudinal studies who were observed during feeding at 1 and 8 months infant postterm age, with a family member of their choosing, participated in a dyadic problem-solving exercise. We assessed maternal feeding competencies with the Parent-Child Early Relational Assessment (Clark, 1997) and dyadic negotiating competence using an observational scale from the Iowa Family Interaction Rating Scales (Melby & Conger, 2001). We classified infant condition through medical record audit. Maternal depressive symptoms were assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) Scale (L. S. Radloff, 1977), and family poverty status was determined through the mother's report of family income. RESULTS: Mothers' feeding competencies, structured into 2 factors, Parental Positive Affective Involvement, Sensitivity, and Responsiveness (PPAISR) and Parental Negative Affect and Behavior (PNAB, scored in the direction of low negativity) were stable from 1 to 8 months, accounting for the entire set of predictor variables. Neonatal biomedical condition had no effect on either PPAISR or PNAB; depressive symptoms were negatively associated with PNAB at 8 months; poverty status negatively predicted both PPAISR and PNAB at 1 and 8 months; and negotiating competence of the mother-family member dyad was positively associated with PNAB at 1 month. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence that family poverty status and dyadic negotiating competence were both associated with maternal feeding competencies supports inclusion of these family-level variables in a model of feeding competencies. A mother's negotiating competence with another family member who takes a responsible role in infant care may support maternal feeding competencies during a VLBW infant's early weeks when parenting patterns are forming.     

Sources of infant feeding information used by pregnant women

Selecting an infant feeding method is one of the most important decisions a mother-to-be makes. Little information is available to characterize women who plan to use both formula and breast milk. In this study, 89 pregnant women indicated their anticipated feeding method and the sources and initiator of infant feeding information. No differences were found in the type of resources used by women who planned to breastfeed, formula feed, or combination feed. Women in the study were four times more likely to initiate a conversation about infant feeding methods with a family member or friend than with a health care provider. Involving these key individuals in perinatal education classes and support programs is a simple, but powerful, strategy that childbirth educators can use to promote breastfeeding.     

云南省蛭类名录

昆明师专生物系1991~1995年对云南省的蛭类进行了调查,采集了数千号标本,经鉴定,有4属9种为云南省的新分布,文章结合前人的研究结果,将云南省的24种蛭类按分类系统列成名录。     

内源性肿瘤血管生成抑制物作用机制研究综述

肿瘤血管生成是个多步骤的过程，众多肿瘤血管生成生长因子和抑制因子参与了对肿瘤血管生成的调控。血管生成抑制物是目前肿瘤研究中的热点。其中内源性肿瘤血管生成抑制物是人体内源性蛋白的一部分，在控制肿瘤的生长和转移过程中发挥重要作用，有着较好的抗癌前景。文章就内源性肿瘤血管生成抑制物的类型、作用机制和临床应用等作一综述。     

重型脑损伤昏迷病人鼻饲并发症护理

目的探讨重型脑损伤昏迷病人鼻饲及常见并发症的护理要点。方法对113例重型脑损伤鼻饲患者采取一系列护理干预措施,减少并发症的发生。结果113例鼻饲患者中出现返流14例,误吸3例,腹泻28例,胃潴留13例,脱管9例,堵管4例。结论长期鼻饲过程中并发症虽然是难以完全避免的,但大部分并发症可以通过护患双方的共同干预而减少。     

Early Predictors of Attachment in Infants with Cleft Lip and/or Palate

Previous studies have found that children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) and isolated cleft palate (CP) have elevated risk for a variety of psychosocial problems, but the origins of such problems are unclear, We excted that early medical and other stressors during infancy—including feeding problems and facial disfigurement—would have adverse effects on the infant, his or her caregivers, and the family environment, leading to a higher than expected rate of insecure attachments among infants with clefts. Twelve-month attachment classifications of CLP, CP, and comparision group infants were examined. No significant group differences in attachment status were found. When 3-month infant, maternal, and social/family characteristics were examined as potential predictors of insecure attachment, predictors interacted with diagnostic status. For the cleft group, infant and maternal characteristics, but not family characteristics, significantly predicted insecure attachment. For the comparison group, maternal and family characteristics, but not factors associated with the infant, were predictive. Infants with clefts despite their special needs and caregiving requirements, seem not to have elevated risk for insecure attachments at the end of their first year. Contrary to social-psychological formulations, the facial appearance of infants with CLP had no adverse effect on the quality of their maternal attachment.     

城区流动儿童亲子依恋与社会适应的关系:家庭功能的中介作用

为探讨城区流动儿童亲子依恋、家庭功能与社会适应的发展特征及其影响路径,采用青少年依恋问卷、总体家庭功能量表和社会适应量表对1152名五至九年级儿童进行测试,最终获得城区流动儿童924名作为研究被试。结果显示:(1)城区流动儿童社会适应存在显著的年级和性别差异;(2)亲子依恋、家庭功能与社会适应三者之间均呈显著正相关;(3)结构方程模型分析表明,家庭功能在亲子依恋影响社会适应中起部分中介作用。该研究揭示了家庭功能在城区流动儿童亲子依恋影响社会适应中的中介机制,可以为城区流动儿童家庭干预政策制定提供实证依据。