水玉簪属系统发育重建的初步研究

以白玉簪科和兰科的代表种类分别作为外类群对水玉簪属进行了初步的分支分析。虽然运用不 同外类群进行分支分析产生的结果并不完全一致，但它们均显示了属内一些稳定“支”的结构及其种间关系。分支分析还表明：水玉簪属的两个组中，Foliosa组极可能是一个单系类群，而水玉簪组则是一并系类群。如果叶绿素的丧失是一个不可逆的进化过程，水玉簪族中全菌物异养习性的获得只出现过一 次。     

中国水筛属种子特征研究

本文采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对我国水蒒属植物14个居群的种子特征进行     了研究。通过石蜡切片，在光学显微镜下观察了种子的内部结构。     本文的研究结果，认为种间居群的差异比较显著，种内的居群特征比较类似，将我国水蒒     属植物14个居群定为4种，即有尾水蒒Blyxa echinosperma (C. B. Clarke) Hook. f.,无尾水蒒B. aubertii Rich.,光滑水蒒B. leiosperma Koidz.,水蒒B. japonica (Miq.) Maxim-。     

中国梅花衣属的初步研究

 Parmelia is a genus of economical importance.   According  what  was  recorded, Meyen & Flotow were the first foreigners to study Chinese lichens in 1843.  Up to the present time 74 species, 24 varieties and 11 forms have been described from China.      The majority of specimens reported in this paper were collected by many Chinese botanists and collectors from 21 provinces from 1928--1962, while a few of them were collected by Licent from 1916 to 1917 and by Poliansky in 1957.      The system of classification adopted here is that held by A. Zahlbruckner in 1926. But in section Hypotrachyna, the two subsections-Myelochroa and Myeloleuca proposed by Asahina are adopted and Parmelia xanthocarpa which has not been properly placed before, is here referred to the subsection Myelochroa.      In the subgenus Hypogymnia the writer discovers that the length of spores of two species are longer than 10μ, especially  Parmelia macrospora reaches  17.5μ long.  So far as the writer knows, the upper limitation of the spore length  recognized  by  many lichenologists has been 10μ in this subgenus.  The spore measurement of this subgenus needs, therefore, to be revised in future.       In this paper 78 species, 14 varieties and 6 forms are presented.  Among them, 5 species, 5 varieties and 1 forms are considered as new and two new combinations have been made.  Out of all these, 31 species, 6 varieties and 2 forms are first recorded from China.  All the materials cited are deposited in the Mycological Herbarium of Instituteof Microbiology, Academia Sinica, Peking.     

中国薯蓣属花粉形态的初步研究

本文作者对我国的薯蓣属Dioscorea L. 5组33种植物的花粉形态，用光学显微镜进行   了系统的观察，并用扫描电子显微镜观察了其中一些代表类型。本属花粉有二种类型，即单沟  型和双沟型。单沟型为原始型，双沟型则为进化类型。花粉资料支持了目前对该属分类的意见。     

中国凤尾蕨属细胞学的初步研究

本文报道了中国产10种凤尾蕨属植物和2种蕨属和栗蕨属植物的细胞学研究结果。  在凤尾蕨   属中，8种是多倍体或具有多倍体细胞型，4种是无性孢子繁殖的后代，6种实际上是种复合体或种复合   体成员，单纯有性生殖的二倍体只有2种。凤尾蕨至少具有9条孢子发生路线，在其同一个体上除了产   生二倍孢子外，还可能产生少量加倍或多倍孢子；广义的蜈蚣草实际上是个种复合体，其祖先的二倍体   细胞型广泛分布于中国亚热带地区说明这里可能是该复合体的起源中心；岩凤尾蕨具有不寻常的染色  体数目n＝55，这说明在本属和本科中可能存在着非整倍体进化。     

中国薯蓣属根状茎组系统分类的初步研究

   本文根据我国薯蓣属(Dioscorea L．)根状茎组(Sect.  Stenophora Uline)的外部形态特征、细胞染色体数、花粉形态、植物化学成分、地理分布等的规律，证明根状茎组是该属中的一个比较原始的自然类群：1．具横走的多年生地下根状茎，其它组是一年生或多年生的块茎；2．大部分是2倍体，其它组是多倍体；3．花粉粒单沟型，外壁纹饰网纹或颗粒条纹，其它组为双沟型，外壁纹饰网纹；4．含甾体皂甙元(steroidal sapogenin)，其它组不含。   我们的研究观察证明，N．N．TepaCNMeHKO根据R.Knuth系统(1924)提出的薯蓣皂甙元在该属中无分布规律的说法是无充分依据的。   本文讨论了某些组或种的划分及系统位置：取消sect.Illigerestrum Prain et Burk.；将马    肠薯蓣(D．simulans Prain et Burk．)改属根状茎组；触丝薯蓣(D．tentaculigera Prain et Burk.)应列入顶生翅组  (Sect．shannicorea Prain et Burk．)，  并提出了盾叶薯蓣  (D. zingiberensis  Wright)和穿龙薯蓣(D．nipponica Makino)种的划分和定名的意见。     

中国水锦树属的初步研究(续)

This paper presenta a brief introduction to the taxonomy and geographic distribu- tion of the genus Wendlandia.       The genus Wendlandia in tribe Rondeletieae of the family Rubiaceae was proposed by Bartling in 1830. There are now more than ninety species throughout the world. It is distributed mainly in tropical and subtropical Asia. Thirty species, ten subspecies and three varieties are recorded in the paper. Among these, nine species, two subspecies and one variety are new. They are distributed mainly in Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Xizang and Taiwan Provinces. Only one species, namely W. longidens (Hance) Hutch. Extends northward to Hubei and Sichuan.       The classification of the genus in this paper is based on Cowan's system. It is divided into four series mainly by their stigmatic and staminal characters, namely Euexsertae, Subinclusae, Montigenae and Clavigerae. The first two series are each subdivided according to the stipule feature into two subseries, designated as Cuspidatae, Orbiculares, Tinctoriae and Paniculatae.       From the distribution patterns of the genus in the flora of China, we may understand:       1.  The genus has the most species in China, where is its distribution centre, and Yurnan is the province richest in species of the genus.       2.  There are twenty-one species, five subspecies and three varieties endemic to China. Most of these endemics have their distributional area confined to a single province, and some of them are confined to an even narrower district, with only a few of them extending beyond province boundaries.       3.  The series Subinclusae Cowan has the most species not only in China but also in other regions of the world, whereas the series Montigenae Cowan has fewer species and they are all restricted to China.       The new species, new subspecies and the new varieties described in this paper are as follows: W. brevipaniculata W. C. Chen, W..villosa W. C. Chen, W. tinctoria  (Roxb.) DC. subsp. affinis How, W. laxa S. K. Wu, W. uvariifolia Hance subsp. pilosa W. C. Chen, W. guangdongensis W. C. Chen, W. parviflora W. C. Chen, W. scabra Kurz var. pilitera How, W. pubigera W. C. Chen, W. jingdongensis W. C. Chen, W. brevituba Chun et Howand W. oligantha W. C. Chen.     

常山属的初步研究

Dichroa Lour., a small genus of Saxifragaceae, contains about 12 species, ranging from the mainland of S. E. Asia southward to Pacific islands. But most of the species are more restricted in distribution. Of the 12  recognized species,  six  are known from South China and Indochina; three are confined to west and northwest New Guinea; two are endemic to the Phillipines. Only one species is widely distributed in S. E. Asia.  In the present paper, the genus is divided into two sections  and two series based on the number of stamens and the characteristics of the ovary.  One spe- cies is described as new.     

我国悬钩子属植物的研究

 The genus Rubus is one of the largest genera in the Rosaceae, consisting of more than 750 species in many parts of the world, of which 194 species have been recorded in China.      In the present paper the Rubus is understood in its broad sense, including all the blackberries, dewberries and raspberries, comprising the woody and herbaceous kinds. So it is botanically a polymorphic, variable and very complicated group of plants. The detailed analysis and investigation of the evolutionary trends of the main organs in this genus have indicated the passage from shrubs to herbs in an evolutionary line, although there is no obvious discontinuity of morphological characters in various taxa. From a phylogenetic point of view, the Sect. Idaeobatus Focke is the most primitive group, characterized by its shrub habit armed with sharp prickles, aciculae or setae, stipules attached to the petioles, flowers hermaphrodite and often in terminal or axill- ary inflorescences, very rarely solitary, druplets separated from receptacles. Whereas the herbaceous Sect.  Chamaemorus L. is the most advanced group, which is usually unarmed, rarely with aciculae or setae, stipules free, flowers dieocious, solitary, dru- plets adhering to the receptacles and with high  chromosome numbers  (2n = 56). Basing upon the evolutionary tendency of morphological  features,  chromosome nu- mbers of certain species recorded in literature and the distribution patterns of species, a new systematic arrangement of Chinese Rubus has been suggested by the present authors. Focke in his well-known monograph divided the species of Rubus into  12 subgenera, while in the Flora of China 8 sections of Focke were adapted, but some im- portant revisions have been made in some taxa and Sect. Dalibarda Focke has been reduced to Sect.  Cylactis Focke.  In addition, the arrangement of sections is presented in a reverse order to those of Focke’s system.  The species of Rubus in  China are classified into 8 sections with 24 subsections (tab. 3) as follows: 1. Sect. Idaeobatus, emend. Yü et Lu(11 subsect. 83 sp.); 2. Sect. Lampobatus Focke (1 sp.); 3. Sect. Rubus (1 sp.); 4. Sect. Malachobatus Focke, emend. Yü et Lu (13 subsect. 85 sp.); 5. Sect. Dalibardastrus (Focke)Yü et Lu (10 sp.); 6. Sect. Chaemaebatus Focke (5 sp.); 7. Sect. Cylactis Focke, emend. Yü et Lu (8 sp.); 8. Sect. Chamaemorus Focke (1 sp.).      In respect to the geographical distribution the genus Rubus occurs throughout the world as shown in tab. 2, particularly abundant in the Northern Hemisphere, while the greatest concentration of species appears in North America and E. Asia.  Of the more than 750 species in the world, 470 or more species (64%) distributed in North America.  It is clearly showm that the center of distribution lies in North America at present time.  There are about 200 species recorded in E. Asia, of which the species in China (194) amount to 97% of the total number. By analysis of the distribution of species in China the great majority of them inhabit the southern parts of the Yangtze River where exist the greatest number of species and endemics,  especially in south- western parts of China, namely Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou (tab. 3. 4.).  It is in- teresting to note that the centre of distribution of Rubus in China ranges From north- western Yunnan to south-western Sichuan (tab. 5), where the genus also reaches its highest morphological diversity.       In this region the characteristics of floristic elements of Rubus can be summarized as follows: it is very rich in composition, contaning 6 sections and 94 species, about 66% of the total number of Chinese species; there are also various complex groups, including primitive, intermediate and advanced taxa of phylogenetic importance; the proportion of endemic plants is rather high, reaching 61 species, up to 44% of the total endemics in China.  It is noteworthy to note that the most primitive Subsect. Thyrsidaei (Focke) Yü et Lu, consisting of 9 endemic species, distributed in southern slopes of the Mts. Qin Ling and Taihang Shan (Fig. 4). From the above facts we may concluded that the south-western part of China is now not only the center of distribu- tion and differentiation of Rubus in China, but it may also be the center of origin ofthis genus.     

我国人参属数量分类研究初试

 In this paper, 10 species and varieties of the genus Panax from China were studied by means of numerical taxonomic methods.  At first, the geometric approaches and statistical treatments were used and some new characters induced by the funda- mental characters were defined for the numerical representation of the morphological characters of plants.  Consequently, forty-seven morphological, three chemical, one geo- graphical and one cytological characters were adopted.  The principal component ana- lysis and the similarity coefficients were computed on the standardized data.  Based upon the correlation matrix and the distance matrix respectively, the Q and R cluster analyses were carried out, and UPGMA was used in both Q and R cluster analyses.      According to the R cluster analysis, all characters are mainly divided into 5 sets: A, B, C, D and E (Fig. 2).  The tree-like diagram illustrates that chemical constitu- ents of triterpenoids and the chromosome numbers are related to some morphological characters, such as the roots, the rhizomes, the seeds and the leaves. It is of interest to note that the thicker the fleshy roots, the larger the seeds and the wider the teeth of leaflet, the higher the content of the tetracyclic triterpenoids of dammarane type it contains.  On the other hand, the Q cluster analysis showed that Panax as a whole may be divided into two groups (Fig. 3).  The first group includes P. ginseng, P. quinquefolius, P. notoginseng and P. zingiberensis and the second group  includes P. stipuleanatus, P. pseudo-ginseng, P. japonicus var. japonicus, P. japonicus var. angus- tifolius, P. japonicus var. major and P. japonicus var. bipinnatifidus.  The results of the computation of principal component analysis indicate that the  first  principal component consistes of the characters occurring in the sets A and B.  It shows that the variation in Panax has two opposite directions.  One of them, corresponding to the set A, is represented by the first group, and the other, corresponding to the set B, is by the second group.      Finally, some questions about the use of the genus in medicine were discussed.     

中国粗叶木属(茜草科)植物的分类研究

本文修订了中国产粗叶木属植物，共记录31种、4亚种和10变种。其中，报道了一个新种、1个新亚种、2个新变种、8个新组合和9个分布新记录，新归并学名12个，并且对中国粗叶木属植物文献记载中的一些错误和混淆作了澄清。     

中国蓼属植物花粉形态的研究

本文用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对国产44种2变种蓼属植物的花粉形态进行了观察。除了前人报道的31种外，其中15种为首次报道。本属花粉形态多类型，有球形、近球形、近扁球形、近长球形及长球形；从萌发孔来看，有三沟型、三孔沟型、散沟型及散孔形：外壁纹饰有颗粒-穿孔、微刺-穿孔、微刺-凹穴、细网状、皱块状及粗网状。根据这些特征将花粉划分为10种类型，其中西伯利亚蓼型(Sibir-icum-type)为本文首次提出。文中对本属的分类问题进行了探讨，不支持Steward(1930)将本属划分为8个组的意见，而认为应将本属划分为11个组。     

中国远志属植物的分类研究

本文通过对国产远志属的分类系统和外部形态(特别是花部、种子和种阜的形态)及花粉粒形态   的研究，结合地理分布，首次确认国产远志为3亚属、4组(其中2新组)，41种8变种。