水玉簪属系统发育重建的初步研究

以白玉簪科和兰科的代表种类分别作为外类群对水玉簪属进行了初步的分支分析。虽然运用不同外类群进行分支分析产生的结果并不完全一致,但它们均显示了属内一些稳定“支”的结构及其种间关系。分支分析还表明：水玉簪属的两个组中,Foliosa组极可能是一个单系类群,而水玉簪组则是一并系类群。如果叶绿素的丧失是一个不可逆的进化过程,水玉簪族中全菌物异养习性的获得只出现过一 次。     

中国水筛属种子特征研究

本文采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对我国水蒒属植物14个居群的种子特征进行    了研究。通过石蜡切片,在光学显微镜下观察了种子的内部结构。    本文的研究结果,认为种间居群的差异比较显著,种内的居群特征比较类似,将我国水蒒    属植物14个居群定为4种,即有尾水蒒Blyxa echinosperma (C. B. Clarke) Hook. f.,无尾水蒒B. aubertii Rich.,光滑水蒒B. leiosperma Koidz.,水蒒B. japonica (Miq.) Maxim-。     

中国梅花衣属的初步研究

 Parmelia is a genus of economical importance.   According  what  was  recorded,Meyen & Flotow were the first foreigners to study Chinese lichens in 1843.  Up to thepresent time 74 species, 24 varieties and 11 forms have been described from China.     The majority of specimens reported in this paper were collected by many Chinesebotanists and collectors from 21 provinces from 1928--1962, while a few of them werecollected by Licent from 1916 to 1917 and by Poliansky in 1957.     The system of classification adopted here is that held by A. Zahlbruckner in 1926.But in section Hypotrachyna, the two subsections-Myelochroa and Myeloleuca proposedby Asahina are adopted and Parmelia xanthocarpa which has not been properly placedbefore, is here referred to the subsection Myelochroa.     In the subgenus Hypogymnia the writer discovers that the length of spores of twospecies are longer than 10μ, especially  Parmelia macrospora reaches  17.5μ long.  Sofar as the writer knows, the upper limitation of the spore length  recognized  by  manylichenologists has been 10μ in this subgenus.  The spore measurement of this subgenusneeds, therefore, to be revised in future.      In this paper 78 species, 14 varieties and 6 forms are presented.  Among them, 5species, 5 varieties and 1 forms are considered as new and two new combinations havebeen made.  Out of all these, 31 species, 6 varieties and 2 forms are first recorded fromChina.  All the materials cited are deposited in the Mycological Herbarium of Instituteof Microbiology, Academia Sinica, Peking.     

中国凤尾蕨属细胞学的初步研究

本文报道了中国产10种凤尾蕨属植物和2种蕨属和栗蕨属植物的细胞学研究结果。  在凤尾蕨  属中,8种是多倍体或具有多倍体细胞型,4种是无性孢子繁殖的后代,6种实际上是种复合体或种复合  体成员,单纯有性生殖的二倍体只有2种。凤尾蕨至少具有9条孢子发生路线,在其同一个体上除了产  生二倍孢子外,还可能产生少量加倍或多倍孢子;广义的蜈蚣草实际上是个种复合体,其祖先的二倍体  细胞型广泛分布于中国亚热带地区说明这里可能是该复合体的起源中心;岩凤尾蕨具有不寻常的染色  体数目n＝55,这说明在本属和本科中可能存在着非整倍体进化。     

中国薯蓣属花粉形态的初步研究

本文作者对我国的薯蓣属Dioscorea L. 5组33种植物的花粉形态,用光学显微镜进行  了系统的观察,并用扫描电子显微镜观察了其中一些代表类型。本属花粉有二种类型,即单沟  型和双沟型。单沟型为原始型,双沟型则为进化类型。花粉资料支持了目前对该属分类的意见。     

中国薯蓣属根状茎组系统分类的初步研究

   本文根据我国薯蓣属(Dioscorea L．)根状茎组(Sect.  Stenophora Uline)的外部形态特征、细胞染色体数、花粉形态、植物化学成分、地理分布等的规律,证明根状茎组是该属中的一个比较原始的自然类群：1．具横走的多年生地下根状茎,其它组是一年生或多年生的块茎;2．大部分是2倍体,其它组是多倍体;3．花粉粒单沟型,外壁纹饰网纹或颗粒条纹,其它组为双沟型,外壁纹饰网纹;4．含甾体皂甙元(steroidal sapogenin),其它组不含。   我们的研究观察证明,N．N．TepaCNMeHKO根据R.Knuth系统(1924)提出的薯蓣皂甙元在该属中无分布规律的说法是无充分依据的。 本文讨论了某些组或种的划分及系统位置：取消sect.Illigerestrum Prain et Burk.;将马    肠薯蓣(D．simulans Prain et Burk．)改属根状茎组;触丝薯蓣(D．tentaculigera Prain et Burk.)应列入顶生翅组  (Sect．shannicorea Prain et Burk．),  并提出了盾叶薯蓣  (D. zingiberensis  Wright)和穿龙薯蓣(D．nipponica Makino)种的划分和定名的意见。     

中国水锦树属的初步研究(续)

This paper presenta a brief introduction to the taxonomy and geographic distribu-tion of the genus Wendlandia.      The genus Wendlandia in tribe Rondeletieae of the family Rubiaceae was proposed by Bartling in 1830. There are now more than ninety species throughout the world. It is distributed mainly in tropical and subtropical Asia. Thirty species, ten subspecies and three varieties are recorded in the paper. Among these, nine species, two subspecies and one variety are new. They are distributed mainly in Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Xizang and Taiwan Provinces. Only one species, namely W. longidens (Hance) Hutch. Extends northward to Hubei and Sichuan.      The classification of the genus in this paper is based on Cowan's system. It is divided into four series mainly by their stigmatic and staminal characters, namely Euexsertae, Subinclusae, Montigenae and Clavigerae. The first two series are each subdivided according to the stipule feature into two subseries, designated as Cuspidatae, Orbiculares, Tinctoriae and Paniculatae.      From the distribution patterns of the genus in the flora of China, we may understand:      1.  The genus has the most species in China, where is its distribution centre, and Yurnan is the province richest in species of the genus.      2.  There are twenty-one species, five subspecies and three varieties endemic to China. Most of these endemics have their distributional area confined to a single province, and some of them are confined to an even narrower district, with only a few of them extending beyond province boundaries.      3.  The series Subinclusae Cowan has the most species not only in China but also in other regions of the world, whereas the series Montigenae Cowan has fewer species and they are all restricted to China.      The new species, new subspecies and the new varieties described in this paper are as follows: W. brevipaniculata W. C. Chen, W..villosa W. C. Chen, W. tinctoria  (Roxb.)DC. subsp. affinis How, W. laxa S. K. Wu, W. uvariifolia Hance subsp. pilosa W. C. Chen,W. guangdongensis W. C. Chen, W. parviflora W. C. Chen, W. scabra Kurz var. piliteraHow, W. pubigera W. C. Chen, W. jingdongensis W. C. Chen, W. brevituba Chun et Howand W. oligantha W. C. Chen.     

常山属的初步研究

Dichroa Lour., a small genus of Saxifragaceae, contains about 12 species,ranging from the mainland of S. E. Asia southward to Pacific islands. But most ofthe species are more restricted in distribution. Of the 12  recognized species,  six  areknown from South China and Indochina; three are confined to west and northwestNew Guinea; two are endemic to the Phillipines. Only one species is widely distributedin S. E. Asia.  In the present paper, the genus is divided into two sections  and twoseries based on the number of stamens and the characteristics of the ovary.  One spe-cies is described as new.