Current recognition and management of intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome among tertiary Chinese intensive care physicians

This survey was designed to clarify the current understanding and clinical management of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH)/abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) among intensive care physicians in tertiary Chinese hospitals. A postal twenty-question questionnaire was sent to 141 physicians in different intensive care units (ICUs). A total of 108 (76.6%) questionnaires were returned. Among these, three quarters worked in combined medical-surgical ICUs and nearly 80% had primary training in internal or emergency medicine. Average ICU beds, annual admission, ICU length of stay, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score, and mortality were 18.2 beds, 764.5 cases, 8.3 d, 19.4, and 21.1%, respectively. Of the respondents, 30.6% never measured intra-abdominal pressure (IAP). Although the vast majority of the ICUs adopted the exclusively transvesicular method, the overwhelming majority (88.0%) only measured IAP when there was a clinical suspicion of IAH/ACS and only 29.3% measured either often or routinely. Moreover, 84.0% used the wrong priming saline volume while 88.0% zeroed at reference points which were not in consistence with the standard method for IAP monitoring recommended by the World Society of Abdominal Compartment Syndrome. ACS was suspected mainly when there was a distended abdomen (92%), worsening oliguria (80%), and increased ventilatory support requirement (68%). Common causes for IAH/ACS were “third-spacing from massive volume resuscitation in different settings” (88%), “intra-abdominal bleeding”, and “liver failure with ascites” (52% for both). Though 60% respondents would recommend surgical decompression when the IAP exceeded 25 mmHg, accompanied by signs of organ dysfunction, nearly three quarters of respondents preferred diuresis and dialysis. A total of 68% of respondents would recommend paracentesis in the treatment for ACS. In conclusion, urgent systematic education is absolutely necessary for most intensive care physicians in China to help to establish clear diagnostic criteria and appropriate management for these common, but life-threatening, diseases.     

一种活塞环压力分布与自由形状计算方法

通过分析不同特性的非均压高点环非仅为余弦函数压力分布,应用有限元分析软件,基于静态缩减法求解活塞环接触节点位移的数值方法,参考Arnold 径向压力分布表达式,得到引入压力分布形状系数,且适用于最大相对压力1 < im ≤ 2.22,呈卡腰葫芦形压力分布形状的活塞环压力分布表达式和自由形状的计算方法。通过实例验证,该计算方法达到活塞环设计要求。     

太极拳对中老年女性肌体一氧化氮及其合酶与血压的影响

对长期坚持参加太极拳运动的中老年女性血清一氧化氮(NO)及其合酶(NOS)活性进行测定,同时测定舒张压、收缩压、心率。结果表明:(1)长期有规律的太极拳运动可以提高中老年女性肌体NOS活性,可以促进NO的生成。(2)长期有规律的太极拳运动可以降低血压。     

高压对 C 掺杂碱土金属氧化物磁性的影响

采用第一性原理的平面波赝势方法,结合广义梯度近似,分别计算了在常压和高压下,C掺杂碱土金属氧化物X4CO3（X＝Ca,Sr和Ba）的磁矩,体积和总能量随压强的变化情况以及Ca4CO3的能带结构和电子态密度。结果表明,随着压强的增大,X4 CO3的铁磁性减弱最终发生磁相变由铁磁态转变为非铁磁态。特别是Ca4 CO3在69 GPa时,C原子的自旋贡献随着压强的增大显著地下降。     

退变性腰椎滑脱与椎小关节面方向相关性的CT研究

目的:探讨腰椎退变性滑脱(DS)与椎小关节面方向的相关性。方法:选取DS确诊病例235例,其中男性67例,女性168例;年龄31~82岁,平均年龄55.90±10.82岁。选取因腰腿疼痛就诊,排除DS及腰骶部发育异常者作为对照组。分别测量DS组和对照组中L3~S1各节段的椎小关面倾斜角。分别做L4、L5前滑脱(单发)的DS组以及对照组各节段椎小关节面倾斜角与年龄的相关分析;将DS组与同年龄对照组同节段的椎小关节面倾斜角进行比较。结果:L4前滑脱(单发)的DS组中,L4~L5节段椎小关节面倾斜角与年龄之间呈现负相关(P<0.01);L5前滑脱(单发)的DS,L5~S1节段椎小关节面倾斜角和年龄无相关(P>0.05);对照组L3~S1各节段椎小关节面倾斜角与年龄之间无相关(P>0.05)。L4、L5前滑脱(单发)的DS,40岁以下组和同龄对照组比较,椎小关节面倾斜角组间无差异(P>0.05)。结论:椎小关节面的过度矢状面偏向并非DS的易患因素。L4前滑脱的DS,滑脱节段的椎小关节面方向随年龄增大而逐渐偏向矢状面,考虑为DS进程中椎小关节退变,关节面重塑形的结果。     

关于扩大高校学报发行量的思考

在分析高校学报发行现状的基础上,针对影响发行量的主要因素,提出扩大发行量需增强读者意识,瞄准目标读者需求,突出学科优势,强化发行职能,缩短出版周期,创新发行方式,拓展学报作者群与读者群等.     

大学生学习倦怠与压力释放方式的相关研究

采用《大学生学习倦怠量表》和《大学生压力释放方式问卷》对306名大学生进行问卷测量,探讨大学生学习倦怠与压力释放方式之间的关系。结果表明：①大学生总体上存在学习倦怠,突出表现为行为不当和成就感低,学习倦怠在性别和年级变量上存在显著差异;②大学生总体上偏向于采用内部释放的方式来缓解压力,压力释放方式在性别和年级变量上存在显著差异;③大学生学习倦怠与压力释放方式存在显著相关,经回归分析发现压力释放方式对学习倦怠具有良好的预测力。     

浅析大体积混凝土施工中温度裂缝的成因及控制措施

文章着重从大体积混凝土温度裂缝的产生原因进行分析,从混凝土生产原料的选择、浇筑温度、振捣、养护等多角度阐述控制温度裂缝发生、发展的相关措施。     

Time series of EIT measurements and images during lung ventilation based on principal component analysis

The aim of this paper is to propose a useful method for exploring regional ventilation and perfusion in the chest and also separation of pulmonary and cardiac changes.The approach is based on estimating both electrical impedance tomography(EIT) measurements and reconstructed images by means of principal component analysis(PCA).In the experiments in vivo,43 cycles of heart-beat rhythm could be detected by PCA when the volunteer held breath;9 breathing cycles and 50 heart-beat cycles could be detected by PCA ...     

超高压和温度对胡萝卜过氧化物酶失活的影响研究

本文通过试验研究在0.1～600MPa压力和25～45℃温度范围内,压力和温度对胡萝卜过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响。试验表明:在较低的压力下(﹤396MPa),胡萝卜过氧化物酶的稳定性较常压下高,在506MPa、40℃时则观察不到再生,在600MPa、45℃下,胡萝卜过氧化物酶失活率达91%。但超高压(UHP)对维生素C或蛋白质的失活没有明显的影响。研究发现:在胡萝卜处理中超高压结合轻微的加热处理比在高温下的热处理更容易使过氧化物酶(POD)失活。     

ZnS半导体高压结构相变和弹性性质的理论研究

基于第一性原理平面波赝势密度泛函方法,研究了ZnS的高压结构相变和弹性性质.计算结果表明,在零温下ZnS从B3结构到B1结构的相变压强为17.04 GPa,这与实验值和其他的理论计算结果符合得很好.     

中年知识女性心理压力的归因分析及应对策略

中年知识女性承受着来自社会、家庭、工作岗位以及自我身心状况等许多方面的心理压力.满负荷运转造成的身心疲惫严重地妨碍了中年女性智能和潜力的发挥.为了消除和缓解各种心理压力,中年知识女性应做好自身的心理调节,在保持多重角色平衡协调的基础上,用平静但充满自信的心态适应社会发展的要求.同时,社会应建立相应的心理支持系统以维护中年知识女性的心理健康.     

Effect of nebulized nitroglycerin on children with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary hypertension

In order to find a safe, simple, effective and selective pulmonary vasodilator, we tested the effectiveness and safety of inhalation of nebulized nitroglycerin (Neb-NTG) by children with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary hypertension (VSD-PH). Twenty μg/kg Neb-NTG was inhaled by seven children with VSD-PH using face mask during cardiac catheterization. The pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), systemic arterial pressure (SAP) and methemoglobin (MetHb) concentration were measured before and after inhalation of Neb-NTG. After inhalation of Neb-NTG, the PAP and pulmonary-to-systemic pressure ratio (Pp/Ps) decreased significantly; There was no significant decrease in SAP. The systolic and diastolic PAP decreased respectively 13±4% and 9±7% in 5 min, 21±3% and 13±17% in 10 min, 24±3% and 16±19% in 15 min. The Pp/Ps decreased 12±4% in 5 min, 21±9% in 10 min and 24±6% in 15 min. There was no significant increase in the MetHb level after inhalation of 20 μg/kg of Neb-NTG. The MetHb level was below 1.5%. Neb-NTG is a safe, simple, effective and selective pulmonary vasodilator.     

浅谈井下电子压力计的现状和应用

电子压力计是广泛应用于测量和记录油气田地层中的油、气、水等介质的压力及温度值的电子设备,也是一种具有高实时性,高精确度、高分辨率"三高"特征的井场压力及温度测试装置。本文从电子压力计的原理和应用现状入手,阐述了压力计在井下测试过程中经常出现的失效形式,同时简单地分析了导致电子压力计失效的原因和主要影响因素,并进行了系统的总结,提出了具有针对性的改进方法和失效预防措施。     

Experimental Study on Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop of Micro-Sized Tube Heat Exchanger简

A micro-sized tube heat exchanger(MTHE) was fabricated, and its performance in heat transfer and pressure drop was experimentally studied. The single-phase forced convection heat transfer correlation on the sides of the MTHE tubes was proposed and compared with previous experimental data in the Reynolds number range of 500—1 800. The average deviation of the correlation in calculating the Nusselt number was about 6.59%. The entrance effect in the thermal entrance region was discussed. In the same range of Reynolds number, the pressure drop and friction coefficient were found to be considerably higher than those predicted by the conventional correlations. The product of friction factor and Reynolds number was also a constant, but much higher than the conventional.     

Wind tunnel test and numerical simulation of wind pressure on a high-rise building

We carried out a wind tunnel test to measure cladding loads for a high-rise building of 295 m in height, which would be located in the business center of Chongqing Municipality, P. R. China. The rigid model was used to determine fluctuating local pressures on the exterior surfaces of the building. The wind tunnel test results show the cr/tical zone of wind pressures on building surfaces in both standalone and interference conditions. The computational fluid dynamics （CFD） was conducted by using the FLUENT Code to compare with the wind tunnel test results, and the steady three-dimensional turbulent flow with Realizable k-ε as a turbulence model was used. The CFD results are agree with the wind tunnel test results in regards to distributions of wind pressures over a high-rise building＇s surfaces.     

相对压力点的设定对比表面积和孔隙分布测量值的影响

利用美国康塔Autosorb-1MP分析仪,对果壳活性炭的比表面积和孔隙分布进行了表征。为简化等温吸附脱附线上的数据采集点、减少实验成本和缩短测试时间、提高实验效率,对单点BET法、多点BET法和BJH法的基本理论模型和测试结果两方面进行了对比分析,从测试方法的基理上探究数据采集点的分布和数量对实验结果的影响,得到了简化实验数据点前后最小相对误差下相对压力值的变化规律。结果表明:对于比表面积的测定,取5个分析点时BET直线拟合效果较好,相对压力p/p0为0.20附近时,单点和多点比表面积的相对误差在5%左右,且多点比表面积大于单点比表面积;而对于孔隙分布的分析,当以相对压力小于滞后环始点处p/p0的测试点为BJH脱附分析线的终止点时,对其孔比表面积、孔容和最优孔径的测试值无影响。     

Effect of suction change on water content and total volume of an expansive clay

A laboratory study was carried out on both natural and compacted specimens to investigate the complex soil-water interaction in an unsaturated expansive clay. The laboratory study includes the measurement of soil-water characteristic curves, 1D free swelling tests, measurement of swelling pressure and shrinkage tests. The test results revealed that the air-entry value of the natural specimen was quite low due to cracks and fissures present. The hydraulic hysteresis of the natural specimen was relatively insignificant as compared with the compacted specimen. Within a suction range 0 to 500 kPa, a bilinear relationship between free swelling strain (or swelling pressure) and initial soil suction was observed for both the natural and compacted specimens. As a result of over-consolidation and secondary structures such as cementation and cracks, the natural specimens exhibited significant lower swelling (or swelling pressure) than the compacted specimen. The change of matric suction exerts a more significant effect on the water phase than on the soil skeleton for this expansive clay.     

白酒对家兔减压神经放电及血压的影响

采用急性实验观察法 ,取家兔 1 8只 ,平均分成 3组。分别用 1 0 %、35 %、和 5 0 %的白酒处理 ,每个处理分为 2 0mL和 40mL剂量 ,观察白酒对减压神经放电及血压的影响。结果表明 1 0 %白酒处理 ,2 0mL和 40mL可引起血压先升高后略降 ;35 %和 5 0 %处理可引起血压明显降低。白酒引起心率明显减慢 ,减压神经放电与血压变化呈负相关。     

控温与加压对超导电性的影响

高温超导材料YBa2Cu306+x自发现以来,对YBa2CuO6+x的基本结构及超导电机制目前各有关研究所都投入了大量的人力物力,取得了一定的进展,但对烧结样品目前还没有找到最可行的方法,因为对目前方法而言,决定YBCO超导电性的两个重要指标Υc值和转变宽度都不理想。笔者通过对其YBCO的结构和超导电机制的研究,提出在高压、纯氧中,斜靠式升温,化学反应除渣;真空、急剧降温的烧结样品的流程方法,实验发现,Υc值比一般方法提高了3.5K,转变宽度降低了0.3K。实验数据有力的证明了该法是切实可行的。