影响上海大学生择业意愿的环境因素研究

大学生择业意愿问题是近两年来教育界、业界和学界共同关注的话题。本研究通过实证方法研究了影响上海大学生择业意愿的因素之一:环境因素。研究指出,影响大学生择业意愿的环境因素主要可归纳为三个方面:经济发展差异,行业差异,社会舆论压力与择业价值观的变迁。文章揭示了这些因素如何影响上海大学生的择业意愿。     

Secondary students' development as teachers over the course of a PGCE year

Research has suggested that students pass through different concerns or stages in their development as teachers. Although some authors have suggested that concerns or stages are sequential, other research does not support sequential concerns or stages of development. The major purpose of this study was to look at the concerns of students at different times during a one-year Postgraduate Certificate in Education (PGCE) course, particularly to identify any changes in concerns about school experience as they developed as teachers and whether the development of concernswas sequential. A second purpose was to look atwhether the Teacher Concerns Questionnaire (TCQ) is a useful instrument for measuring students' concerns. One cohort of students on a secondary PGCE course in Englandwas administered the TCQ on three occasions during the academic year 1996/97. Results showed that these students were moderately concerned about school experience at the three administrations of the questionnaire. Self and impact concerns were the highest causes of concern and task concerns the lowest causes of concern at all three administrations of the questionnaire. Results also showed that there was a significant difference in the amount of total concern between the first and second and first and third administrations of the questionnaire, but not between the second and third administrations. There were significant differences between scores on nine of the items on the TCQ. However, there were no significant differences between students learning to teach different subjects. The three categories of concern identified for the TCQ: self, task and impact concerns, were only partly supported by the results of this study. The results did not support work which has suggested that the development of concerns is sequential. The results are discussed in relation to the ongoing development of teachers and identifying concerns of individual students.     

Renewal in Career Guidance and Counseling: Rationale and Programs

This article provides a strong rationale for renewal programs in career guidance and counseling. The rationale is based on the expressed needs of counselors, counselor educators, and supervisors, and the needs of clients, as well as on major position papers of APGA, ACES, and NVGA. The APGA Counselor Renewal and Development Professional Preparation and Standards Committee has clearly stated that counselor renewal is a professional imperative for those who seek to remain effective helpers. The ACES position paper, “Counselor Preparation for Career Development/Career Education”, also clearly points out the need for renewal in career guidance and counseling. In addition to the rationale, the article describes several career-counseling-oriented renewal programs that are currently available for counselors and counselor educators and supervisors who would like to upgrade their skills in this area.     

School bullying,subjective well-being,and resilience

The aim of the current study was to examine the role of resilience in the victimization experiences of students and their subjective well-being as well as to explore gender and age-related effects. Initially, 558 students (52.15% male) from grades 6 to 10 participated in the study completing The Student Aggression and Victimization Questionnaire, The Mental Health Continuum, and the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale. One-hundred and twenty-seven (22.8%) students were excluded from the final analysis, as they did not report any victimization experience during the past 3 months. Males in all year levels reported higher levels of well-being and resilience compared with females. No gender differences were found in victimization experiences. Languishing students were found to be at higher risk of experiencing serious victimization. Resilience was not found to moderate the effects of victimization on mental health, but a higher level of resilience appeared to be related to more positive well-being for boys and younger students. Limitations of the study and implications for anti-bullying interventions are briefly discussed.     

浅析生涯人物访谈在大学生职业生涯规划课中的应用

生涯人物访谈是大学生职业生涯规划课中的一种创新型教学方法。本文从生涯人物访谈在大学生职业生涯规划课中的可行性、操作要点和影响等三个方面,阐述生涯人物访谈在大学生职业生涯规划课中的应用。     

Sibling and peer victimization in childhood and adolescence

This study examined how victimizations by either a sibling or peer are linked to each other and to mental health in childhood and adolescence. The data were from the National Survey of Children's Exposure to Violence which includes a sample of children aged 3–9 (N = 1,536) and adolescents aged 10–17 (N = 1,523) gathered through telephone interviews. An adult caregiver (usually a parent) provided the information for children while self-reports were employed for adolescents. Fifteen percent of each age group reported victimization by both a sibling and peer. Victimization by a sibling alone was more common in childhood than adolescence. Victimization by a sibling was predictive of peer victimization. Children and adolescents victimized by both a sibling and peer reported the greatest mental distress. This work establishes that for some children and adolescents, victimization at the hands of other juveniles happens both at home and school. Programs should consider the role of siblings and target parents and siblings to encourage the development and maintenance of constructive sibling interactions.     

Victimizations of Mexican youth (12–17 years old): A 2014 national survey

Victimization of Mexican youth (aged 12–17) has received little attention compared to that of adults. Using the 2014 Social Survey on Social Cohesion for the Prevention of Violence and Delinquency, we examine prevalence and types of victimization; describe the characteristics of incidents in terms of relationship with perpetrator(s) and places where took place; and study significant correlates of forms of victimization and poly-victimization. During 2014 alone, more than 2.8 million minors were victims of bullying, cyberbullying, theft, sexual abuse, physical assault, threats, robbery, or extortion. About 10% of these were poly-victims-experienced at least four different types of victimization by at least four types of perpetrators. Youth tended to be victimized by people in their inner circle. The factors associated with victimization tended to vary by victimization type, but proximity to crime and peer delinquency increased the risk of experiencing all types of victimization. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.     

文学家的忧患意识

忧患意识是人对个体、尤其是民族、国家、乃至人类的安危、祸福、苦乐及喜忧关系的理性认知,集中体现为一种危机意识。也正是这种危机意识激发了人的责任感,于是,忧患意识往往体现出一种群体关怀,是对江山社稷、黎民百姓、乃至人类群体盛衰荣辱的忧虑。自古以来,心系国计民生的文学家,无不心怀社稷之愁、黎元之忧、身世之慨及忧生之嗟。     

Academic Admission Requirements as Predictors of Counseling Knowledge,Personal Development,and Counseling Skills

The authors investigated whether undergraduates' scores on the Verbal and Quantitative tests of the Graduate Record Examinations and their undergraduate grade point average can be used to predict knowledge, personal development, and skills of graduates of counseling programs. Multiple regression analysis produced significant models predicting total Skilled Counselor Scale (S. Urbani et al., 2002) scores and total Counselor Preparation Comprehensive Examination (Center for Credentialing and Education, 2005) scores. No significant prediction model was found for the Counselor Skills and Personal Development Rating Form (M. P. Wilbur, 1991) Personal Factors scores. It is concluded that educators should recognize the limitations of these admission criteria and assign a weight to them on the basis of what they can and cannot predict.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Overcoming Dyslexia - Resource Book 2 Hilary Broomfield (2006)
Career Training and Personal Planning for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders - a practical resource for schools Vicki Lundine and Catherine Smith (2006)
The Sage Handbook of Special Education Lani Florian (ed.) (2007)     

基于学生满意度的我国跨境高等教育质量保障现状与对策研究——以宁波诺丁汉大学为例

采用比较案例研究方法,通过在线问卷分别调查宁波诺丁汉大学和英国诺丁汉大学中国学生在总体教育体验以及学习资源/图书馆、教与学、学术支持、评估和反馈、个人发展、职业发展6个维度的满意度情况,根据收集的数据比较分析中外合作办学的宁渡诺丁汉大学质量保障的不足之处并就如何改善提出相应行动建议,以期为提高与完善我国跨境高等教育中的中外合作办学教育质量提供借鉴。     

Young Children's Aspirations in Science: The unequivocal,the uncertain and the unthinkable

Students' lack of interest in studying science and in science-related careers is a concern in the UK and worldwide. Yet there is limited data, particularly longitudinal, on the sources and development of science-related aspirations. In response, the ASPIRES (Science Aspirations and Career Choice: Age 10–14) longitudinal study is investigating the development of students' educational and occupational aspirations over time. In the first phase of the project, a questionnaire exploring science-related aspirations and interests was completed by over 9,000 primary school students across England. This survey allowed us to explore possible associations between attitudes and aspirations, links which have not been investigated in previous attitudinal studies of this scope. Overall, students expressed positive attitudes to science, reported positive parental attitudes to science and held very positive images of scientists. Multilevel modelling analyses revealed that aspirations in science were most strongly related to parental attitudes to science, attitudes to school science and self-concept in science, and are also associated with students' gender, ethnicity and cultural capital. However, the images students held of scientists were not as closely related to aspirations. These factors are discussed in more detail within the paper, alongside a consideration of possible school-related effects.     

美国职业生涯教育热点解析

本文通过对美国《2006年卡尔·珀金斯生涯和技术教育改进法》、白宫于2004年发布的《新一轮美国创新》和布什总统在2006年2月签署的《美国竞争力计划》等美国政府文献的分析,阐述了当前美国职业技术教育的关注热点.尤为明显的变化是:2006年的《生涯和技术教育法》就是用"生涯和技术教育"取代"职业和技术教育",从而将原先局限于学校教育阶段的职业和技术教育延伸到毕业的工作阶段,以及尤其通过设立"帐户"的方式扩大对在职工人培训的投入.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this articles.
Personal Relationships - Illustrated ColorCardsR Vanessa Harrison (ed.)
Life Choices - teaching adolescents to make positive decisions about their own lives Phil Carradice (2006)
Identifying Additional Learning Needs: listening to the children Christine Macintyre (2005)
Are We Listening? Making sense of classroom behaviour with pupils and parents Jackie Ravet (2007)
Kids and Violence: The invisible school experience Catherine Dulmus and Karen Sowers (eds) (2005)
Supporting Students with Literacy Difficulties: a responsive approach Ted Glynn, Janice Wearmouth and Mere Berryman (2006)     

Strengthening Environmental Communications

Abstract

An attitudinal survey that contrasted student perceptions on environmental/energy questions during the decade of intense concern for these issues was conducted at Cornell University in 1971 and 1981 (3414 and 3867 students sampled, respectively). The survey was designed to measure changes in attitude toward thirty-five specific items in five major categories (Food-stuffs, Household items, Transportation, Personal items, and Recreation). Significant differences were observed between the two surveys with most of the differences associated with political leanings, income, gender and geographical background. The changes were in the direction of a more materialistic lifestyle with less consideration for environmental/energy issues and concerns.     

Personal Growth of Counselor Trainees

This study compared the level of self-actualization of beginning and advanced students in a master's program in counselor education using the Personal Orientation Inventory (POI). The advanced students scored significantly higher than the beginning students on two POI Scales, Feeling Reactivity and Acceptance of Aggression. The beginning students were more like a sample of normal adults than a sample of self-actualizing persons; however, the advanced students were more like the self-actualizing group.     

青年马克思的价值理想及对当代青年的启示——读《青年在选择职业时的考虑》

《青年在选择职业时的考虑》一文展现了青年马克思在中学毕业时就确立了为人类幸福而献身的价值理想,并且马克思指出了这一价值理想的实现路径是选择最能为人类幸福工作的职业。解读历史文本,观照当下中国,青年马克思的择业价值观对我国当代青年科学择业价值观的形成有着深刻的现实启示。     

Gender differences in empathy in parents at high- and low-risk of child physical abuse

OBJECTIVES: The present research was designed to study empathy in high-risk parents for child physical abuse. The main objective was to study if high-risk mothers and fathers, compared to low-risk mothers and fathers, presented more Personal distress, less Perspective-taking, less Empathic concern and a deficit in dispositional empathy toward their partner and children. METHOD: Based on their scores on the Abuse Scale of the CAP Inventory [J.S. Milner, The Child Abuse Potential Inventory: Manual, 2nd ed., Psytec Corporation, Webster, NC], 19 (9 fathers and 10 mothers) high- and 26 (12 fathers and 14 mothers) low-risk parents for child physical abuse were selected from a total sample of 331 parents of the Spanish general population. Both groups were statistically matched on sociodemographic variables. The Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) [Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology 10 (1980) 85] and the Parent/Partner Empathy Scale (PPES) [N.D. Feshbach, N. Caskey, A new scale for measuring parent empathy and partner empathy: factorial structure, correlates and clinical discrimination, 1985] were used to assess dispositional empathy. RESULTS: An interaction between risk status and gender for "Personal distress" and "Perspective-taking" was found. High-risk mothers for child physical abuse showed more "Personal distress" than low-risk mothers and low-risk fathers. High-risk fathers for child physical abuse showed less "Perspective-taking" than low-risk mothers and low-risk fathers. No difference between both groups was found for the IRI "Empathic concern" dimension. Moreover, high-risk, compared to low-risk, parents showed lower scores both on the "Empathy toward the partner" and on the "Empathy toward the child" dimensions of the PPES. No interaction between risk status and gender was found for the PPES dimensions. CONCLUSIONS: Findings of the present study supported the hypothesis that high-risk parents for child physical abuse show a deficit both in general empathy and in empathy toward their family members. Moreover, findings suggested the existence of a different pattern of deficits in empathy for high-risk fathers and high-risk mothers.