Epilepsy in Children with ASD: An Overview of Evaluation Procedures,Child Characteristics and Treatment Options

The rates of epilepsy among children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are higher than that of the general population. The exact prevalence and aetiology of the comorbidity of autism and epilepsy are not well understood; however, the connection is well-documented. This common comorbidity makes the treatment of epilepsy increasingly complex for children with ASD. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the relevant literature for individuals with epilepsy with a particular focus on individuals with both ASD and epilepsy according to the following framework: (a) evaluation procedures, (b) child characteristics and outcomes and (c) treatment options. Thirty articles met specific inclusion criteria. Several treatment options for epilepsy in children with ASD were uncovered, including medications, vagus nerve stimulation and surgery. Still, more research is needed to identify comprehensive treatments that have been empirically proven to be successful for children with ASD.     

Design Considerations for an Intensive Autism Treatment Centre

Individuals with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) who display severe and challenging behaviour sometimes require centre‐based intensive applied behaviour analysis (ABA) therapy to meet their health, safety and educational needs. Unfortunately, despite the need for centre‐based treatment, there is a paucity of empirical research on building and programme design features that influence positive behavioural outcomes for individuals with ASD. We surveyed professionals who had experience providing services to the ASD population regarding the building design and policy features that could facilitate treatment. This article highlights the features that were highly endorsed as beneficial in the design of an intensive ASD treatment facility, with the intended purpose of discovering which features create an environment in which the individuals can more easily transition into an appropriate mainstream learning environment. It is hoped that the results of the survey will be helpful to those developing ASD treatment facilities and allow them to circumvent trial and error that could occur when building a centre from the ground up.     

From eligibility assessment to intervention for students with autism spectrum disorder

The mean age of identification for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) occurs during the months before children enter kindergarten. The incidence and prevalence of “autistic behaviors” in the general population are not fully understood, however, census-matched studies of these behaviors have yielded important new data. As children presenting with behaviors characteristic of ASD enter school, school psychologists are increasingly faced with the assessment and determination of individuals with disabilities improvement act (IDEIA) eligibility, often with students yet to be formally diagnosed with ASD. In many US states, a clinical diagnosis of ASD is not required for a child's eligibility to be served under the category of other health impaired as autism. Nor does a diagnosis of ASD automatically qualify a student as eligible under IDEIA. Eligibility hinges on educational impact. This article briefly reviews the current state of knowledge as it relates to understanding and evaluating children with suspected ASD in the schools, offers a framework for assessment, and discusses a set of proposed guidelines to assist in effectively utilizing assessment data in the development of individualized education plan goals.     

创造力系统观及其对创造教育的启示

创造力研究经历了一个从单维到多维、不断系统化的演进过程。近来,人们倾向于从系统观的角度研究创造力。创造力系统观认为,创造力是多种因素相互作用的产物,包括个体的知识背景、认知风格、人格特质、动机,以及个体所处的生活背景、文化背景乃至整个社会大背景。在创造力系统观的视野里,创造教育是一种“系统化”的教育。实施创造教育,除了重视个体因素,还要重视文化和社会因素。     

开放性在认同整合与创造力关系中的调节作用

摘 要:研究采用问卷法,对我国西北多民族聚居地区少数民族大学生进行调查研究,主要探讨双文化认同整合对创造力的影响以及人格开放性的调节作用。结果表明:双文化认同整合的和谐-冲突维度能显著正向预测创造力,但混合-区分维度对创造力预测不显著;人格开放性在双文化认同整合的和谐-冲突维度与创造力的新颖性之间起到调节作用,即对于人格开放性高的个体而言,无论其双文化认同整合的程度高低,个体都表现出较高的创造力;但对于低人格开放性个体来说,随着双文化认同整合程度的提高,其创造力的新颖性也随之提高。本研究说明,双文化个体对两种文化认同整合良好时有助于提高创造力,且人格开放性调节二者之间的关系。在实践中,可以从二元文化的认同整合视角和人格开放性的培养方面提升少数民族的创造力。     

After Six Decades of Systematic Study of Creativity: What Do Teachers Need to Know About What It Is and How It Is Measured?

With creativity now being emphasized in schools, it is important for teachers to understand what it is and how it is measured. This review of the literature is an attempt to make sense of the many definitions and measures of creativity. As a result, this comprehensive review shows that most definitions agree that there are at least two criteria to judge whether a person or a product is creative or not, originality and usefulness. Organized according to Rhodes’s 3 P conceptualization of creativity—person, process, product, and press—more than 40 assessments used in creativity research were reviewed. Familiarity with the definitions, views of, and measurement of creativity can help teachers recognize and foster creativity in their students.     

创造力教育:现代大学的一种必然选择

创造力教育是建立在创造力开发基础上的一种教育理念,适应创造力经济的现代大学教育,无疑应当注重学生的创造力发展,因此创造力教育是现代大学的一种必然选择。作为大学的创造力教育,要以创造力开发(创造力的发现、创造力的培养、创造力的整合)为基本目标、以学科创造力为核心、以主动性实践为关键来构建其教育体系。     

AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DISORDERS AND ASIAN CHILDREN

ABSTRACT:  This paper compares the incidence of the diagnosis of Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) among White and Asian children with reference to data obtained from thirteen local education authorities (LEAs) in England. It begins by outlining some of the theoretical debates associated with the definition, diagnosis and prevalence of ASD. The empirical component underpinning this work uses logistic modelling to ascertain whether the proportion of children with a statement of special educational need (SEN) for ASD is different for Asian and for White children and whether the proportion of children with a statement of SEN for ASD varies between LEAs. The discussion speculates as to possible reasons for the differences found and identifies areas for further research.     

自闭症谱系障碍个体社会奖赏加工缺陷的神经机制

自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)是一种以社会交往障碍为主要特征的神经发育障碍,ASD的社会交往障碍与社会动机的缺乏有关,主要表现为社会奖赏加工缺陷.已有的神经影像学、脑电成分和神经化学成分的研究从神经机制上揭示了ASD个体的社会奖赏加工存在缺陷,并且该缺陷发生在奖赏预期阶段,但其非社会奖赏加工能力和奖赏加工阶段是否也存在缺陷没...     

The Uses and Misuses of Evaluation

Current research indicates that creativity in teaching can and should be enhanced in order to promote student learning. This article begins by stressing the importance of creativity in education and the ways in which creative teaching benefits students. Next, it addresses key points for better understanding classroom creativity by identifying common barriers that counteract or hinder teacher creativity. After identifying the characteristics of teachers who are considered creative educators, this article concludes with general recommendations, as well as specific strategies, for increasing the level of creative teaching in today's classrooms.     

Functioning and participation of young adults with ASD in higher education according to the ICF framework

Because of a better understanding of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in all stages of life and the improvement of support of students with ASD in primary and secondary education, an increasing number of students with ASD are accessing higher education. Previous research suggests that these students have fewer opportunities in higher education due to a number of functioning and participation problems. However, literature regarding students with ASD in higher education is rather scarce. This article presents an overview of recent studies in a literature review describing the functioning and participation problems of young adults with ASD. This literature review is complemented by focus groups with student mentors and interviews with students with ASD to connect the insights from the literature review to the context of higher education and to check whether all functioning and participation problems are covered by the existing literature. The review showed that little is known about the functioning and participation problems of students with ASD in higher education. However, knowledge about the full spectrum of problems can be the first step towards a better match between the individual problems and the offered reasonable accommodations to increase the participation chances and success rate of these students in higher education.     

The Limits To Creativity In Education: Dilemmas For The Educator

Since the end of the 1990s, creativity has become a growing area of interest once more within education and wider society. In England creativity is now named within the school curriculum and in the curriculum for children aged 3–5. There are numerous government and other initiatives to foster individual and collective creativity, some of this through partnership activity bringing together the arts, technology, science and the social sciences.
  As far as education is concerned, this growth in emphasis and value placed on encouraging creativity can be seen as being in stark contrast with the government policy prevalent from the late 1980s onward. One of the underpinning themes and justifications for this re-kindling of interest in fostering creativity is that the individual and collective empowerment which is fostered by the development of creative skill is seen to be a good thing at the social and economic level in particular (Craft, 2002). These justifications have been discussed elsewhere (Jeffrey and Craft, 2001).
  But an important question to ask is, how desirable are the cultural norms of continual change and innovation in Western society?
  This paper examines some possible social, environmental, cultural and ethical limits to creativity, in the context of educating for creativity (NACCCE, 1999). It argues that the notion of creativity may be value- and culture-specific and that this poses the so-called liberal educator with various dilemmas of principle and pedagogy, which are explored.     

Developing creativity and promoting social harmony: the relationship between government,school and parents' perceptions of children's creativity in Macao‐SAR in China

The promotion of creativity in young children has been included in the agenda of the educational authorities in mainland China since 2001. Since then, attempts to implement this policy have appeared in different forms. The educational bureaux take measures by publishing documents and guidelines on the subject. While some kindergartens endeavour to restructure their programmes in order to accommodate the development of creativity, most practitioners are not yet ready to embrace this idea. Based on an ethnographic study, this article argues that there are gaps amongst the government's, practitioners' and parents' views of creativity and means to foster such ability in young children. It also highlights the fact that the observed phenomenon might be explained in terms of the social hierarchy that has been thriving in Chinese culture for centuries. Finally, it suggests that a reciprocal relationship amongst the three parties is yet to be built in order to form a strong support for the development of children's creativity in this southern Chinese city.     

影响研究生创新能力培养的导师因素分析

培养研究生的创新能力是研究生教育的核心，也是评价研究生教育质量的根本标准。在影响研究生创新能力的诸多因素中，导师队伍是根本性因素。本文着重从导师遴选和评估的制度因素、导师的主观能动性因素以及导师的客观制约因素三个方面分析了导师队伍在研究生创新能力培养过程中的作用。     

Liminality in education: generating a creative space of encounter and dialogue between teachers and students within educational structures

ABSTRACT

The dominant results-driven/performance-oriented culture and the pressures of performativity in education have meant that the promotion of creativity has been narrow in scope and the translation into practice less apparent than the rhetoric would suggest. Creativity can survive even in times of standardisation, but it is more likely to be confined to interstitial zones. Interstitial zones are in-between social spaces outside the formal teaching zones in which creativity may give voice to those students whose voice is not always heard in the formal teaching context.

Often, creativity is equated exclusively to substantial creative outputs and, as a result, teachers who are not sensitised to creativity in a broader sense may underestimate their own creative ability and the positive impact this might have on the relationship with their students. A shift in teacher education that results in a more meaningful appreciation of both the nature of creativity and its benefits is therefore required. A developmental approach which starts with teacher cultivation of creative sensibility is essential to achieve greater infusion of creativity. The paper posits that teachers who resist rigid social structures and engage in critical pedagogy are also more likely to be receptive to creativity and its the pastoral potential in education.     

研究生创新能力特征及与人格、思维认知的关系

为了解研究生创新能力及与人格、思维的关系,论文以《硕士研究生创新能力调查问卷》《艾森克人格问卷简式量表中国版》《学生认知风格问卷》为工具,抽取贵州省、陕西省两地520名硕士生.结果发现,硕士生创新能力总体处于中等及以上水平,人格特质均高于国内常模,思维认知得分均显著高于理论中值.男女生在创新思维能力和学术创新能力存在显著差异.不同学科的研究生在学术创新能力方面有显著差异.除知识结构,陕西省与贵州省的研究生创新能力得分均有显著差异.创新能力、人格与思维认知之间存在一定的关联,神经质、内外倾,言语表象、直觉-分析、思维内外倾是影响创新能力的主要因素.     

Developing creativity through outdoor physical activities: a qualitative exploration of contrasting school equipment provisions

Creativity is described as an important cognitive process by which ideas are generated, developed and transformed. Despite the importance of creativity for students’ intellectual development, the types of outdoor physical activities students engage in within primary schools according to creativity criteria has yet to be explored. The purpose of the Creative Recess Engagement during Activities Time Exploratory (CREATE) study was to qualitatively capture how physical activities developed by students (n = 279) meet creativity criteria in two primary school with differing playground equipment provisions. Using a momentary time sampling qualitative field note observation procedure, a combined total of 730 scans of the school grounds were undertaken with written accounts and analysed according to creativity criteria. The CREATE study provides exploratory insights into how the development of primary school students’ creativity can be supported or hindered, by the type of equipment provisions made available for students' physical activities within school grounds.     

析运动创造力

创造力研究已经从关注一般性创造力逐渐走向重视特殊领域创造力。文章对运动创造力这一特殊领域创造力的主要研究进行了简要总结,包括运动创造力的概念、维度、测量、相关研究与未来趋向。     

Resolving the paradoxes of creativity: an extended phase model

Many teachers are interested in fostering creativity, and there are good reasons for doing so. However, the question of how to do it is made difficult by the paradoxes of creativity: mutually contradictory findings that are, nonetheless, simultaneously true (e.g. convergent thinking hampers creativity but is also necessary for it). These paradoxes can be resolved by dividing the process of creativity into seven phases that depend upon different cognitive processes (e.g. divergent versus convergent thinking) and personal properties (e.g. openness versus compulsiveness), are facilitated by different environmental conditions (e.g. tolerance of errors versus demands for accuracy) and lead to different kinds of product (e.g. something radically new versus novelty that nonetheless fits into the conventional framework). Mapping the four Ps of creativity (person, process, product and press) onto the phases provides a system for analysing both teaching methods and learning activities of individual students.