学术文章更正内容和方式刍议

对已发表文章中的错误及时进行更正很少受到重视。通过错误类型和更正内容的分析,发现错误类型虽多,但更正内容却多以文字类和事实类等错误为主,较少关注影响较大的学术性错误。因此,在总结更正方式的基础上,进一步探讨了学术性错误的发现、更正方式,同时建议制定规范的更正制度以降低文字类和事实类的错误。     

彩色图像信号的非均匀采样和重构

计算机图像处理技术的发展，加速了情报学对图像／视频等较大信息量的快速存储、检索、应用。本文讨论将彩色数字图像信号按一定的规则分割成相同大小的子块，对其进行非均匀降速采样的过程，重采样频率的自动确定、选择原则，重构信号的质量、数据量与子块的尺寸等问题，并以实际的彩色数字图像文件全部用VC 6．0编程实现非均匀降速采样和Hermite插值重构；以实验数据得出了一些有益的结论，并进行了分析讨论。分析方法、实现程序不仅彩色数字图像文件有效，对视频信号也有效的。     

我国大陆港台医学期刊外文参考文献差错情况对照分析

分别从大陆、香港及台湾选取医学期刊,随机抽取2004年卷的80条文献,按照文献的6个项目进行核查.结果显示:存在差错的文献数量分别为大陆期刊48条(60.0%),台湾期刊40条(50.0%),香港期刊37条(46.3%);三者的差错率差异无统计学意义,同时3组统计文献差错类型的构成差别也没有统计学意义;差错情况中以作者姓名和题名最为突出.认为在知识信息时代,提高科技论文的文献著录质量和规范化水平,是作者、审稿人及期刊编辑均应重视的问题.     

网络信息安全人因失误发现及其纠正框架

网络信息安全人因失误发现是人因失误分析及其纠正的起点,人因失误发现的重要途径是通过4个方面的比较实现：预计效果与实现结果;设备失效与自身的失误效果;计划行为与执行行为;意图与计划,从它们之间的失配,发现信息安全人因失误。论文提出一种网络信息安全人因失误纠正框架,主要从人因失误分析与确定、纠正计划及其实施三个方面展开。失误分析与确定是通过调查研究,对人因失误原因进行说明与辨识;通过构建纠正框架,期望及时发现并纠正人因失误,从而有效控制并相应减少人因失误的发生。     

科技期刊中中国地图绘制的常见问题与处理对策

插图是科技期刊的重要组成部分,中国地图是科技论文中典型且常见的插图类型.中国地图的绘制在注意规范性和科学性的同时,更要注意可能影响国家利益的重大政治性问题.总结科技期刊中中国地图的常见问题,主要包括领土缺失,界线错误,香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾省相关问题等.指明常见错误并分析其原因,提出处理对策和绘图的注意事项;同时,对作者、编辑部和出版管理部门提出相应建议.     

医学论文“收集患者”相关问题调查与分析

抽取2017年出版的100种医学期刊的100篇论文,每篇论文中至少1个句子同时出现“收集”“患者”.100篇论文中,45篇(45.0％)含有“收集患者”的表达错误,含有同时出现“收集”“患者”的句子172个,其中表达错误61个(35.5％).核心期刊与非核心期刊错误个数、差错率差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.365,P=0.715;x2 =0.400,P=0.527);摘要与正文差错率差异无统计学意义(,=0.576,P=0.448).分析出现“收集患者”的错误情况,并结合案例总结正确的表达方式.     

科技论文英文摘要中常见的介词问题

对科技论文英文摘要中介词搭配错误、介词误用、介词省略出错、短语介词出错等问题进行了分析和讨论.指出介词搭配错误是其中最常见、最主要的一类错误,认为熟悉各种介词的含义及功用并掌握一定量的介词习惯用法,是减少介词使用错误的有效办法.     

信息管理理论视角下差错信息资源的研究

认为差错信息差表征差错发生过程中与常态相偏离的信息,有必要引入合适的理论和方法来处理、研究和利用差错信息资源。在以系统科学理论确定差错信息之内涵的基础上,从信息管理理论视角阐述差错信息的各种特征,分析差错信息的类别及其产生机制,提出收集、组织、开发差错信息资源的途径和方法。指出通过差错学习,为组织的发展和变革提供服务,提高组织绩效。     

Ready,Aim, Fire! Violent Video Game Play and Gun Controller Use: Effects on Behavioral Aggression and Social Norms Concerning Violence

In addition to individual risk factors, recent findings surrounding the effects of violent video game play have provided compelling evidence that the contextual features of games also contribute to increased outcome aggression. The current study focuses on the relationship between violent video game play and the use of gun controllers on both social norms related to aggression and real-life behavioral aggression. As predicted, both violent video game play and gun controller use were positively related to behavioral aggression. The implications of these findings are discussed along with their influence on future research in this area.     

Automatic extraction of relationships between terms by means of Kohonen's algorithm

This article describes a method of finding the contextual relationships among different terms in a database. First, the vector model is used to represent the terms as vectors according to which documents they appear in. Second, these vectors are used as the input to a Kohonen network, which organizes them topologically. This organization, in turn, generates term clusters arranged on a grid, so that each term is not only related to the others in its own cluster but also to those of neighboring clusters.     

医学论文中ROC曲线应用错误例析

诊断试验是医学研究中重要的试验方法。ROC曲线是评价诊断试验价值的常用分析方法。目前医学研究中ROC曲线应用越来越广泛,涉及ROC曲线的医学论文也越来越多。文章对已发表的医学文献中ROC曲线应用方面,如有无必要绘制ROC曲线、ROC曲线形态是否错误、ROC曲线结果报告和解读等常常出现的错误,进行了举例,并分析错误原因,提出应对方法。     

How opinion polls affect voting in Bangkok's gubernatorial election

In response to the widely publicized failure of most pollsters to predict the winner of the Bangkok governor election on 3 March 2013, this study examined the published results of opinion polls in the news media to see how they had affected the voter preference and what errors existed. The study analyzed a series of poll results by five major pollsters for the pre-election and exit polls during the governor election campaign from January to March 2013 and, then, compared them with the final results of governor election. The poll results lent partial support to the spiral of silence theory. Among all pollsters, only NIDA Poll projected the right prediction for Democrat candidate M. R. Sukhumbhand Paribatra as the winner. Its pre-election polls showed his final victory occurring in the last leg of the election campaign as a result of the late swing voters against the ruling Pheu Thai Party attaining monopoly on power. Suan Dusit and Abac Polls showed the existence of the bandwagon effect for Pheu Thai candidate Pol. Gen. Pongsapat Pongcharoen. Besides their polling effects, major factors accounting for errors included shy Democrat factor, late swing of voters, sampling error, and nonresponse bias.     

A preliminary study of the verbal behavior of speech fright

A general paradigm of a rating error theory is presented with a study testing relationships from the theory. The study aimed to discover the effects of source credibility, attitude valence, and task sensitization on trait errors in the evaluation of speeches. The main hypothesis of the study was an interaction effect on trait errors in the speech ratings. The results indicate a significant triple interaction, suggesting that when speech raters are sensitized to the task and are in favor of the view of the speaker, their trait errors on “ideas” will favor a low credibility speaker. The results are explained in terms of attraction and similarity.     

科技论文常见数据错误分析

在论文编辑实践中常会遇到各种类型的数据错误,常见的有有悖常理型、自相矛盾型、张冠李戴型、概念不清型、逻辑混乱型、单位错误型、运算错误型,等等.文章就各类型数据错误进行实例分析,并对审、编、校人员如何发现数据错误提供建议.     

The Influence of Communication Context on Political Cognition in Presidential Campaigns: A Geospatial Analysis

Due to targeting strategies employed by political campaigns, campaign intensity is not uniform across the whole country. This study investigates how an individual's communication context, defined by geospatial characteristics created by campaigns, would influence his or her political learning. Data for this study come from three separate studies conducted during the 2000 U.S. presidential election. The results from a series of multilevel modeling analyses indicate that contextual-level political advertising and candidate appearances moderate the relationship between newspaper use and political knowledge, and the relationship between political discussion and political knowledge. This study not only demonstrates that conditional communication effects hinge on geospatial factors but also helps to develop contextual theories of communication that specifically address effects of contextual factors and cross-level interactions.     

The accurate reporting of software‐generated p‐values: A cautionary research note

Quantitatively oriented researchers differ in how they report the results of tests of statistical significance. Some authors report statistically significant results as less than an alpha level (e.g., p < .05), while others report exact p‐values (p = .04) from statistical software readouts. This paper argues that three reporting errors are possible when p‐values are reported based on computer readouts. First, the p‐value of obtained data can never be equal to, or less than, zero. Thus, reporting that a finding is p = .000 is an error. Second, rounding down errors can lead to factual inaccuracies. For example, it is inaccurate to report a p = .052 as p < .05. Finally, p‐values for wrong‐direction effects with one‐tailed tests must always be p> .50. Awareness of these issues should facilitate accurate statistical reporting.     

出版物印制质量检测中的常见问题及处理方法

文章通过梳理出版物印制质量相关行业标准,归纳出版物印制检测中的常见问题:颜色反差造成图像、文字模糊不清,页码装订顺序不正确,“出血”设计不当导致裁切出错,开胶散页问题,套印误差过大,书背字平移误差超标等,并针对出现的问题提出了有效的处理方法,对印制人员具有切实的指导价值。     

Google Book Search and Metadata

This article summarizes published documents on metadata provided by Google for books scanned as part of the Google Book Search (GBS) project and provides suggestions for improvement. The faulty, misleading, and confusing metadata in current Google records can pose potentially serious problems for users of GBS. Google admits that it took data, which proved to be inaccurate, from many sources and is attempting to correct errors. Some argue that metadata is not needed with keyword searching; but optical character recognition (OCR) errors, synonym control, and materials in foreign languages make reliable metadata a requirement for academic researchers. The authors recommend that users should be able to submit error reports to Google to correct faulty metadata.