浅谈英语习语的特征及其应用

英语习语(idiom)是英语语言的民族风格及其各种修辞手段的集中表现。它是语言的精髓,是语言实践的结晶。习语(成语、惯用语)在《牛津现代高级英汉双解词典》中是这样解释的：idiom：phrase or sentence whose meaning is not obvious through knowledge of the individual meanings of the constituent words but must be leamt as a whole．每一个学英语的人都会遇到类似下面的短语：     

The Translation of the Idioms and its Culture Interpretation

Idiom is a phrase or sentence whose meaning is not clear from the meaning of its individual words and it must be learnt as a whole unit. The idioms of the different languages reflect the difference in many aspects of the two cultures. No one can acquire a language well if he doesn’t know the model and principle of the culture.     

A comparative study of culture-loaded Words in teaching

people' perception,evaluation and attitude are different among races,so there is cultural--difference.And vocabulary,especially culture-loaded words,can reflect this kind of difference when it relates to values,religions,life styles and stereotypes,while the ordinary words,such as “book,pen” etc,always only have the perceptive meaning.For example,when a child from the Anglo-American world learns the word “dog”,he will normally learns the cultural meaning of it: the dog is “man's best friend”,and he will like dogs,as the saying “love me,love my dog”.But a child brought up in the Chinese culture would be taught that the dog is a dirty and dangerous animal.So people who have been initiated into the culture which is associated with their mother tongue,are naturally inclined to interpret things with their own culture fervencies.As with teaching,teachers should not just make students master language points and grammars,but also irrigate the culture background of English and Chinese words.     

A Study of Connotation of Words

In mastering a language, it is not satisfactory to know conceptual meaning. Importance must be attached to connotative meaning as well. In this article, connotation of words is discussed in two directions:its sources and its characteristics. And the author states that we should acquire connotative meaning not only from teachers and dictionaries but also by studying religion, history, art and society,etc.     

英汉翻译中的词语选择

To those whose interest is in translation, an important topic for study is the choice of words. As lexicon is the mostactive and the liveliest component of a language, in the course of translation, due attention must be given to the analysis andcomparison of words and phrases before a suitable word or phrase is chosen to convey the meaning in the original version.Meanwhile, English words and phrases are rich and the same words or phrases may be different in meaning in a certain context,therefore, the diction in translation from English to Chinese is undoubtedly a matter of importance.     

Proverbs in a Function and Purpose Perspective

In Otto Jespersen‘s book the Philosophy of Grammar( 1951 ),the definition of formulas is mentioned: “a formula may be a whole sentence or a group of words, or it may be one word, or it may be only part of a word, that is not improtant,but it must always be something which to the actual speech- instinct is a unit which cannot be further analyzed or decomposed in the way a free combination can”(1951:24) .Thus proverbs belong to formulas, as the example “Handsome is that handsome does” given by Jespersen.     

National Slurs on Dutch

National slur is a linguistic form expressing unequal treatment of one ethnic group by another.It is the direct result of national xenophobia,which is usually formed through semantic degradation by giving nicknames or derogatory terms and making proverbs.The associative meaning of a nation-specific word is often rendered to give insult to this ethnic group in confrontation or opposition with the nation in dominance of their shared language.This paper revolves around the formation,application,cultural connotation,and the proper understanding of national slurs on Dutch.After a thorough analysis of national slurs on Dutch as well as a careful induction and deduction about words of offensive nationality concerning "Dutch",the perjoration of word meaning in Dutch expressions can be clearly pictured in this paper.Thus,the national slurs on Dutch can reveal itself more profoundly.Born the cultural awareness of national slur in mind under such a pretext,special attention can be adequately given in understanding and conveying the cultural connotation of Dutch expressions.Therefore,the study of national slurs on Dutch will effectively facilitate cultural communication.     

心路历程--单词

Welcome to our eleventh column. It is said that when Confucius was asked what his first deed would be if he were to be made Emperor of China, he replied, "I would re-establish the precise meaning of words."Our lives are filled with words. These are the wordswe read, the words we speak, and the words we listen to or try not tolisten to.Words govern our lives.     

The Motivation in Meaning Extension of Spatial Words

Based on the cognitive semantic framework, the present paper explores the motivation that lies in meaning extension by making a contrast between the usages of on, above, and over. The result shows that the different ways of meaning extension of similar spatial words are related to their differences in spatial usage.     

We’re Just Beginning——for the Coming New Year

“We are reading the first verse of the first chapter of a book whose pages are infinite...” I do not know who wrote those words, but I have always liked them as a reminder that the future can be anything we     

英语中省略的一般用法

省略是英语中常用的一种修饰方法。怎样正确使用和理解省略句,是初学者经常碰到的问题。下面就谈谈省略法的一般用法。 《朗文当代英语词典》对省略法(Ellipsis)是这样解释的:“Ellipsis means leaving out of a word or words from a sentence when the meaning can be understood without them”。也就是说,在一个句子中略去一个词或几个词而不影响对文章的理解,就称之为省略法。英语中     

Great English Idioms

In daily life,there are many examples of funny sayings,famous phrases and common figures of speech (修辞手法).English idioms are expressions that have a meaning different to the literal meaning (字面意思) of the words used to make them.A good example of this is the expression "raining cats and dogs",while the literal meaning im plies (意味着) that cats and dogs are falling from the sky,the figurative meaning (比喻意义) is that it is raining heavily.     

Semantics on Translation

Semantics is the study of the meanings of words and sentences.While word is the most basic unit in every language and the understanding of the word meaning is the most important problem in translation.Therefore,the analysis of semantics just provides a very direct approach to doing translation.In this paper,I’d like to focus on the three kinds of word meaning in translation,the ambiguities caused by the word meaning and how to deal with such ambiguities.     

A Cognitive Study of Word-formation of Chinese New Metaphorical Compounds

A great deal of new words are emerging and coming into vogue.Most of the previous studies on Chinese new words focused on their classification,form and meaning,as well as the social motivations.This thesis chooses to study the concept metaphor of Chinese new metaphorical compounds from the cognitive perspective based on 396 new words in 2010 and aims to classify the new metaphorical words in a new way and pay attention to the analysis of word formation of new metaphorical compounds.Besides,this paper attempts to explore the understanding process of metaphorical new words.     

Lexical Phrases in Language Learning

Vocabulary has been traditionally thought of as individual words. Of course, this layman's view is inadequate because vocabulary includes many units which are larger than individual orthographic words. For example, a single meaning is attached to each of the following: give up, fish shop, freeze-dry, and burn the midnight oil. Research using large corpora has shown     

Common usage of “agree”

After the verb “ agree” , several prepositions are available, depending on the meaning and context. Sometimes, however, it is not easy to choose the correct preposition. Here are some rules. 1. You agree about a topic of discussion: They never agree abo…     

Using Coh-Metrix to Automatically Access Discourse Coherence in EFL Learners’Writing:A Quantitative Analysis

The purpose of the present study was to use Coh-Metrix,a computational tool,to examine the relationship between discourse coherence and writing level,and analyze the coherence of high level writing and low level writing.The study uses 5 Coh-Metrix variables to analyze 40 college students’timed compositions from Chinese Learners English of Corpus(CLEC) and their corresponding readability scores.The study demonstrates that Coh-Metrix variables,number of words,words per sentences,the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level,LSA sentence all,and argument overlap can contribute to text coherence.Findings of the study indicate:there is a relationship between discourse coherence and writing level,but there is no significant difference between high level group and low level group in discourse coherence(p=.409>.05),and writing level can not distinguish discourse coherence in EFL learners’writing.     

How to Explain the Meanings of Words in Middle School English Teaching

New words are constantly coming into a language.Science and technol-ogy are exploring into some new field,rich and more expensive.Old wordsget new meanings too."Heavy"used to be an adjective,meaning,"Havingweight".It is now used also as a noun,meaning"a big shot".The student haveto struggle against learning words throughout the course from the very be-ginning to the very end of the course.English has a very large vocabulary.It is utterly impossible for a foreign language student to learn all the wordsin a language.So in English teaching teachers have to select the most use-ful words for students to learn.Teachers should take care to use the right     

The Application of Semantic Relations and Denotative and Connotative Meanings in Translation Practice

Semantics,the study of meaning,is closely connected with translation,the practice of transferring meaning.The paper uses a lot of examples based on real translation practice to prove that semantics plays a very important role in translation practice.Understanding and making good use of semantic relations,including synonymy,polysemy,homonymy and antonymy,are quite important for a translator to deal with some complicated semantic problems in translation practice.The paper also discusses the concept of denotative and connotative meanings,two basic types of meaning in Semantics.Denotation means the literal meaning of a word which is given in dictionaries;and connotation,the associative and suggestive meanings of a word in its context.Be cause of cultural difference,words with the same denotations may have totally different connotations,which is why the concept of denotation and connotation plays a very important role in English/Chinese translation.In order to translate a text into another language correctly,translator must totally understand the meaning of the original word,both denotative and connotative mean ing,and be aware of the potential connotations of the word in the target language.     

A study on the Popular Words on Line——Take the Popular Words of Recent Years as Examples

Popular word on line is a kind of language form which is welcomed by netizens.The popular word on line is the most active part of network language.They are made of expressions what the internet users are established by usage.The popular words on line have a very strong nature of medium.They are the comprehensive products which come from the facts of social politics,economics,culture,environment and people’s psychological activities etc.of a certain time.The total amount of new emerging popular words on line is not so many every year,but the influence of them can not be belittled.This study focuses on the popular words on line with the cases of the popular words occured in recent years.It works on the reasons for their rapid spreading.The author summarizes their characteristics and put forward some ways for the guidance of the popular words on line.