农村学校体育的自然生态环境分析——以仙游农村中学为例

学校体育是教育的主要组成部分,随着乡村振兴战略的提出,农村学校体育也面临了新的挑战,为了帮助农村学校体育在现代化冲击中不断成长,文章以农村中学为研究对象,运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、实地调查法,对农村学校体育的自然生态环境现状进行分析,发现当今存在的问题,探讨合适的发展路径。调查结果为:(1)农村学校体育的学校建筑缺乏设计感,不太符合中学生心理特点,过于严肃;(2)生均体育活动场地小;(3)地理环境多样,体育氛围浓厚;(4)学校体育没有发挥当地特色。文章针对上述调查出的问题做了分析与探讨,希望对农村中学的发展起到一定作用。     

体卫教融合背景下学校体育发展问题与路径研究

通过文献资料及调查研究,对山东省中小学生体质健康现状进行梳理并总结分析,从中发现学校体育工作的不足,在体卫教融合背景下提出学校体育改进的方向和建议：(1)学生体质健康应作为评价学校体育工作的重要指标;(2)加强学校体育的基础建设,提高学校体育场地的开放力度和利用率,优化学校体育课程体系;(3)提高体育教师体育素养,培养体卫教复合型教师队伍;(4)研制学生运动处方库;(5)构建五维联动模式,助力学校体育改革。     

英国学校体育合作项目的成功经验和启示

对英国学校体育合作项目的概况和运行机制进行叙述,以个案方式描述和分析6个各具特色的学校体育合作项目及共性特点,并基于此提出对于我国中小学体育发展的6点启示:(1)整合校际校本体育资源,形成学校体育发展集群,联合开发体育课程和体育活动,形成校际体育教育衔接;(2)与青少年体育培训机构和社会体育组织建立横向合作,建立复杂多维的学校体育发展支持系统;(3)积极宣传具备出众个人能力的体育模范,充分发挥其示范作用和感召力;(4)完善和明晰学校体育到社区体育的发展路径,以“体育作业”为支点构建学校、社区、家庭三位一体的体育网络;(5)对体育教学和活动的各个环节进行针对性调整,促进体育教育平等化;(6)充分注重培养学生健康人格和综合素质。     

我国学校体育教育理论发展中的几个问题

对我国50年学校体育教育理论发展进行了简述,总结了我国学校体育教育理论发展的4个特点,对我国学校体育教育理论发展中的问题进行了研究。主要讨论了：(1)学校体育教育指导思想问题;(2)学校体育教育目标的确立;(3)学校体育教育理论教材的特色。针对我国未来学校体育教育理论发展趋势,进一步提出：(1)如何确立我国学校体育教育主导思想;(2)如何使我国学校体育教育目标具有新时代特征,与未来社会相适应。     

新时代体育志愿服务参与体育治理的困境与消解

体育志愿服务是体育治理的重要组成部分,步入新时代体育志愿服务参与社会治理面临如下困境：(1)体育赛会志愿服务与民生严重脱节;(2)全民健身志愿服务中社区与组织缺乏连接;(3)学校体育志愿服务中学校与家庭缺乏有效互动;(4)体育志愿服务缺少联动与保障机制。研究提出对策：(1)利用赛会志愿服务资源服务于民生;(2)全民健身组织下沉社区完成组织与社区有效连接;(3)加强家校互动合作促进学校体育志愿服务发展;(4)加强多部门联动、协同合作,建立体育志愿服务智慧化信息系统以提高多元治理能力;(5)理顺机制体制,完善体育志愿服务应急管理体系。     

美国学校体育案例分析及启示

文章主要运用文献法和逻辑分析法,对美国学校体育活动案例进行解读与分析,在借鉴美国学校体育活动相关措施的基础上,为我国学校体育工作稳步发展以及学生体育健康促进提出以下几点建议:(1)注重培养学生终身体育意识;(2)积极开发特色校本课程,丰富学生体育活动项目;(3)完善社区公共体育服务,保障残疾学生体育活动;(4)推进体育课堂翻转,提倡学生自主学习。     

初中“校外1小时体育锻炼”可穿戴设备游戏化干预研究

本文通过文献资料调研、系统构建与分析法,探讨初中在实施“校外1小时体育锻炼”中各因素之间的相互影响和结构特征,提出可穿戴设备游戏化干预策略。研究结果：(1)运动可穿戴设备基本功能可降低锻炼执行难度、缩短锻炼可用时间,但是却不能从根本上驱使学生经常运动;(2)可穿戴设备结合游戏化设计优化学校、社区和家庭体育环境、提升学生体育参与主动性、缓和逆反情绪等环节全面发挥作用;(3)运动可穿戴设备的核心价值是通过游戏化设计,让体育运动成为个体完成挑战、实现人与人沟通的桥梁。     

普兰店市高中体育特长生田径项目训练现状探析

运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法和逻辑分析法等,对普兰店市高中体育特长生田径项目的训练现状进行了调查分析,结果表明:(1)学生的身体素质好,但是有一部分学生对技术的掌握不熟练;(2)在田径项目中跳跃类和短跨类项目的水平在大连地区处于领先水平,投掷类项目的水平处于中间水平,中长跑类项目处于前卫;(3)教练员的综合素质有待提高;(4)学校组织体育特长生训练的主要目的是输送人才和提高学校的知名度;(5)体育特长生训练的时间比较少;(6)体育特长生训练对文化课学习有一定的影响。     

构建阳光体育运动长效机制研究

阳光体育运动开展以来,各地各类学校都举行了丰富多彩的活动,营造了浓厚的氛围,但随着时间的推移,一些地方一些学校阳光体育运动有被淡化的趋势.这些都是阳光体育运动缺乏长效机制的缘故.构建阳光体育运动的长效机制是科学发展观的具体落实;是素质教育的内在要求;是学校体育发展的重要举措.具体措施有:(1)统一思想,高度重视,全员参与,扎实开展阳光体育运动:(2)设置组织机构,加强教师培训,保证阳光体育运动常抓不懈;(3)完善学校体育的规章制度,建立有效的监督管理机制;(4)加大经费投入,统筹各种体育资源;(5)科学设计,开展有特色的阳光体育运动;(6)积极宣传,加强阳光体育文化建设.     

论社会主义市场经济条件下体育课程改革与人才素质的研究

21世纪是知识经济时代,体育教学改革面临新的挑战,学校体育改革不能仅仅局限于学校的体育教育,应从宏观视角关注国民的体育教育。采用文献、逻辑等方法从宏观上对我国体育课程改革的一些问题进行了探索,旨在理性认识新世纪我国体育课程改革的发展方向,为市场经济条件下学校体育课程的改革与发展提供一定的理论思考。     

Narratives from the road to social justice in PETE: teacher educator perspectives

Developing teacher education programmes founded upon principles of critical pedagogy and social justice has become increasingly difficult in the current neoliberal climate of higher education. In this article, we adopt a narrative approach to illuminate some of the dilemmas which advocates of education for social justice face and to reflect upon how pedagogy for inclusion in the field of physical education (PE) teacher education (PETE) is defined and practiced. As a professional group, teacher educators seem largely hesitant to expose themselves to the researcher's gaze, which is problematic if we expect preservice teachers to engage in messy, biographical reflexivity with regard to their own teaching practice. By engaging in self- and collective biographical story sharing about ‘our’ teacher educator struggles in England and Norway, we hope that the reader can identify ‘her/his’ struggles in the narratives about power and domination, and the spaces of opportunity in between.     

Telling physical education teacher education tales through pedagogical case studies

This paper analyses two pedagogical case studies (PCS) from a multidisciplinary perspective to highlight the problems of theoretical knowledge in tertiary physical education teacher education (PETE) programmes, school-based physical education (PE) practice and continuous professional learning (CPL) in PE. We argue that a critical view of tertiary PETE and PE teacher educator CPL practice or practices is particularly important if PETE programmes want to develop future PE and current teacher practitioners who are transformative agents. In setting up the pedagogical case study accounts, we recall common conversations about the bodies of knowledge in tertiary PETE programmes that have been positioned as problematic. The accounts highlight the existence of an artificial divide between PE educators as theory generators and both pre-service PE teachers and school-based PE practitioners as theory appliers. We suggest that part of the reason why this divide exists can be attributed to a general misunderstanding of theoretical and practical knowledge that have been wrongly compartmentalised into ‘theory’ and ‘practice’, and hence erroneously taught as isolated entities without any connection or direct link with each other, or the former considered to be less relevant and perhaps even irrelevant in practice.     

对我国20年基础教育体育新课改若干认识问题的澄清与分析

分析我国20年基础教育体育新课改中的若干认识问题,包括体育新课改是健康与技术之争、是唯兴趣论、对现实问题的把握和分析存在认识偏差、缺乏理论和实践基础、模糊了课程目标、缺乏体育课程教学内容的指导、否定传统教学方法、否定教师评价和结果评价、否定教师教育的主导地位、出现1条错误的问题认识和解决链条等10个方面,对其进行回应,以落实“立德树人”的根本任务和“健康第一”的指导思想,深化体育与健康课程改革,促进学生身心健康、体魄强健、全面发展。     

Physical education teacher education in Norway: the perceptions of student teachers

A feature of academic literature on physical education teacher education (PETE) is the expectation that it can and should impact upon student teachers' beliefs and prospective practices in some significant ways. This is despite research over the last 20 years or more alluding to the apparent failure of PETE to ‘shake or stir’ (Evans et al., 1996) what might be termed the (typically conservative and conventional) pre-dispositions of student and early career PE teachers. In this article, we examine the perceptions of PE student teachers in Norway in order to ascertain just what it is that makes them so resistant to change and, for that matter, such infertile ground for sowing the seeds of reflexivity. The study involved semi-structured interviews with 41 PE student teachers from the three routes through teacher education available at Nord University College (Nord UC). Among the main themes identified in the data were the PE students' perceptions of: the purposes (and ostensible benefits) of school PE and PETE as well as the nature of PETE itself (including subsidiary themes of sporting and teaching skills, other ‘competencies’, school placements, mentoring and mentors, PETEs' (physical education teacher educators) teaching styles and the students teachers' relationships with the PETEs). The article concludes that, as far as the students at Nord UC were concerned, the significance of PETE revolved around the programme's efficacy in developing the sporting skills and teaching techniques they viewed as central to their preparation for teaching. The minimal impact of the more theoretical aspects of PETE appeared to be partly attributable to the students' perceptions of PE as synonymous with sport in schools and partly to their particularly pragmatic orientations towards PETE. In this vein, the students viewed experience as the most important, most legitimate ‘evidence’ on which to base their beliefs and practices and were resistant to the ‘theory’ of teacher education, rationalising their tendencies to select the evidence that suited them.     

专业化:新世纪体育教师教育发展的生命力

我国体育教师的培养必须实现由“师范教育”向“教师教育”的制度性转轨,并进而建立专业化的发展思路。推行体育教师教育专业化是对教师专业化这一世界性潮流的顺应,是深化学校体育改革和提高体育教学质量的需要,也是体育教师职业可持续发展的制度保证,还可以为现代体育教育学科发展促生新的增长点并进而带来整个体育高等教育质的飞跃。     

谈体育教学中体育与美育的结合

体育具有丰富的审美教育功能是实现体育与美育结合的基础和前提。在体育教学中实现体育与美育结合必须遵循“以美育体”、“教师先导”原则,善于运用相关的美学原理指导教学,并根据教学内容,适时适量地渗透美学教育。     

From PE experiences to PE teaching practices? Insights from Scottish primary teachers' experiences of PE,teacher education,school entry and professional development

Morgan and Hansen suggest that further research is needed to explore how non-specialist primary teachers approach and teach physical education (PE) based on their personal school PE backgrounds, teacher education experiences and ongoing professional development. This paper adopts Lawson's socialisation model, a theoretical framework subsequently used by many other researchers, to explore how primary teachers' experiences in various contexts ‘shape [their] knowledge and beliefs about the purpose of physical education, its content and teaching approaches’. Examining teachers' beliefs and attitudes towards PE is arguably important as it highlights how they approach the profession and enact particular teaching practices. We examine the views of 327 non-specialist primary teachers who participated in a postgraduate certificate in primary PE run by the Universities of Glasgow and Edinburgh. This article reports findings from the baseline data of our longitudinal research—arguably crucial in ascertaining teachers' starting point and useful in monitoring the programme's impact. Our findings suggest the prevalence of negative PE experience during primary and secondary years, which we considered part of Lawson's ‘acculturation’ phase. Experiences during initial teacher education (ITE) or ‘professional socialisation’ showed that teachers were only given a basic starting point, which was inadequate for teaching PE effectively. The initial teaching experience or ‘organisational socialisation’ stage also presented major challenges for teachers who endeavoured to apply knowledge and skills acquired during ‘professional socialisation’. We suggest that how teachers' conceptions about PE are formulated and the accounts of challenges they encountered upon school entry are vital for the design and delivery of effective ITE and PE-CPD. Additionally, these findings underpin the need for more critical and reflective learning experiences at all levels of PE.     

Inclusive and accessible physical education: rethinking ability and disability in pre-service teacher education

This paper identifies and explores emergent themes in inclusive PE in the specific context of pre-service teacher preparation programs. Fully inclusive PE encompasses four areas: knowledge and curricula related to ability and disability, teacher attitudes, pre-service teacher education and a reframing of our understandings of multiple perspectives on physical literacy. Fully accessible PE involves material and attitudinal conditions configured to render these programs actually usable by all those whose ‘inclusion’ is intended. Access is, indeed, conceptually implied in ‘inclusion’, however, in practice the latter can easily become more of a slogan naming an aspiration than a realizable state of affairs. Unless an organization or individual brings a universal commitment to access, attitudinal barriers may prevent full inclusion from becoming a reality. The paper uses qualitative case study methodology to examine pre-service teacher education students’ preconceptions about ‘dis’ability and analyses heuristically how pre-service teachers pre-conceived notions of ability and disability may be challenged through an intervention. 21C PE programs can move towards an emphasis on inclusive activities which are not based on traditional conceptions of physical competence, size, shape, appearance and ability, but instead focus on how all bodies can develop fundamental movement skills, functional fitness and physical literacy. The author challenges pre-service students to address issues of accessibility, normative notions of ability, body equity, social justice and inclusion, as well as the need for multiple definitions of physical literacy. The paper is a case study of the specific phenomenon of ‘broadening student teachers’ understandings of ability and disability in PE’ as a necessary condition for preparing students to work in schools where full inclusion may not have been integral to PE policies, programs and practices.     

Teacher or coach? How logics from the field of sports contribute to the construction of knowledge in physical education teacher education pedagogical discourse through educational texts

The main purpose of this paper is to focus attention on educational texts as central conveyers of discourses of sport into physical education teacher education (PETE) and by extension into physical education (PE). A considerable volume of research suggests that sport and games continue to be dominant elements of curriculum and practice in contemporary PE. Given the issues of masculinity, physicality and performativity resulting from such continuing sport-focused PE practice, it is relevant to question how such practices are discursively produced or reproduced. In this regard, one area has received only scant attention, namely the potential influence of educational texts used in PETE. Using the theoretical frameworks provided by Michel Foucault, Basil Bernstein and Norman Fairclough, this paper considers educational texts as important contributors to the discursive construction of knowledge in PETE, and thus also as a central resource for studying—and challenging—those discourses that influence on the PE teachers' perceptions of PE and their choices when it comes to the organisation of the PE class. This paper is based on a thorough examination of Danish PETE course documents listing educational texts prescribed by teacher educators for PETE programmes in Denmark. Several of the prescribed educational texts are published by private organisations with sporting interests, such as Team DK and The Sports Confederation of Denmark. This paper conducts a discourse analysis of these texts in order to illuminate how specific social rules regulate their content and involve specific constructions of the learner, the teacher and the relation between them. The paper's findings underline the need for an increased awareness among those who engage in PE practices of the ways in which discourses shape our thinking, and of the potential dangers that lie in the transfer of particular meanings and values as they are constructed in educational texts.     

部分国家体育教师的教育状况介绍

对7个国家的体育教师教育模式进行了研究，同时分析了发达国家体育教师教育的现状及趋势，介绍了一些成功的经验，并将7国体育教师培养情况与我国进行比较，对我国体育教师教育的改革提出了相应建议。