城市居民低碳消费行为驱动因素的实证研究

在全球变暖的大背景下,低碳消费日益成为一种新的趋势。本文立足于低碳消费的基本理论,依据"知信行"理论模式,通过逐步线性多元回归的方法实证探究驱动各低碳消费行为的因素。结果显示:气候变暖感知、生活影响感知、环境变化感知、政策效果感知、教育水平和家庭月收入水平对城市居民各低碳消费行为影响显著。通过对研讨结果的剖析,以推进我国低碳经济发展可持续性为目的,提出了几点具备操作性意义的政策提议。     

低碳经济视角下区域碳排放时空差异与驱动因素分析——基于内蒙古自治区101个县域截面数据的空间计量研究

伴随内蒙古自治区工业经济的快速发展,能源消耗与生态环境的矛盾日益凸显。如何兼顾能源合理消费、生态环境维护及地区经济的可持续发展成为亟待解决的问题。本文选取2017年内蒙古省101个县域碳排放数据作为研究单元,采用IPCC方法测量碳排放量,分析时空地理效应在内蒙古碳排放影响因素研究中的作用,探究出县域之间碳排放量的空间分布差异及驱动因素。实证研究发现:空间经济计量模型可以很好地应用到省级内部县域碳排放空间特征分析即影响因素研究;人均GDP、居民消费水平、产业结构和财政收入等均不利于低碳经济的发展,大力推进新兴技术产业发展是推动绿色低碳经济发展的重要保障。为各县域及国家低碳经济发展提供重要的理论意义。     

城市居民可持续消费模式转型引导——基于六个城市的实证分析

构建了涵盖内因与外因的城市居民消费模式驱动因素模型,对城市居民可持续消费行为现状特征、制约因素和驱动机制进行了实证分析。结果表明,我国城市居民可持续消费行为总体上呈现出三角型结构特征,可以划分为三类特征模式,在驱动机制上则存在多维断层。最后依据实证结果针对城市居民可持续消费转型提出了若干基本对策。     

城市居民低碳利益关注和低碳责任意识对低碳消费的影响——基于多群组结构方程模型的东、中、西部差异分析

在问卷调研的基础上,运用结构方程模型等方法,就城市居民低碳利益关注和低碳责任意识对低碳消费的影响进行了实证研究.结果显示:城市居民低碳利益关注和低碳责任意识显著正向影响低碳态度和低碳消费;低碳态度显著正向影响低碳消费;影响低碳态度最大的变量是低碳利益关注,影响低碳消费最大的变量是低碳责任意识;人口统计特征和区域变量在不同假设路径中的影响均存在显著差异,中部地区更为显著.     

江苏能源消费的碳排放统计分析及因素分解

发展低碳经济必须了解碳排放量,首先计算出1990—2010年江苏能源消费的碳排放量,并进行统计分析;继而运用因素分解法分析经济总量、产业结构及产业碳排放强度对江苏能源消费碳排放量的影响。研究结果表明,经济增长对碳排放产生最大的正面影响,产业结构的影响不明显,产业的碳排放强度不稳定且为正面影响,产业的技术效率未得以充分发挥。最后提出了减少碳排放的相关建议。     

基于PLS的区域碳排放驱动因素及减排路径研究——以山东省为例

采用联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,IPCC)2006年版能源消耗碳排放计算公式和水泥生产碳排放模型,选取2005—2014年能源消费数据和水泥产量数据,计算并分析山东省10年间的碳排放量及其特征,并通过偏最小二乘(PLS)回归模型,利用2005—2014年山东省社会经济统计数据对碳排放驱动因素进行研究。研究表明:燃料、动力类价格对碳排放具有显著的抑制作用,解释能力为0.894 3;其余变量与碳排放均呈正相关,其中人口增长、居民消费水平、地区生产总值、城市化率、外商直接投资对促进碳排放解释能力最为显著,其变量投影重要性分别为1.15、1.14、1.14、1.12和1.12;另外,技术创新、能源消费量、水泥产量、产业结构和能源结构对碳排放的促进作用也是非常重要的。通过上述研究成果,为相关政府部门制定节能减排政策提供参考。     

基于Q方法的城市居民可持续消费人群特征研究

运用Q方法,依据城市居民对其在日常生活中消费行为的描述,从价值观、环境态度及其对政府、企业在有关可持续消费方面行为的态度进行了聚类分析,将城市居民分为三大类型,并重点剖析了不同类型城市居民的人群特征,在此基础上对三类城市居民的消费特征进行了对比分析.结果表明,成熟的可持续消费者在可持续消费意识和行为实施方面都表现突出;潜在的可持续消费者虽然具备一定的可持续消费意识,但在实施可持续消费行为时易受外界因素的影响;非可持续消费者对可持续消费相关知识知之甚少,消费行为多受个人消费习惯的影响,很少考虑环境因素.因此,政府和企业可以据此针对不同类型城市居民制定可持续消费相关政策或开展可持续消费相关活动.     

城市居民能源消费行为低碳化的心理动因——以江苏省徐州市为例

为了更好地引导城市居民的能源消费行为向低碳化转变,促进中国节能减排目标的实现,本文以"计划行为理论"和"价值-信念-规范理论"为基础,建立了城市居民能源消费行为低碳化的心理动因理论模型,以江苏省徐州市的城市居民为调查对象,获得710份有效的城市居民调查问卷,运用结构方程模型,对理论模型进行了实证检验。研究结果显示:(1)城市居民的低碳行为意愿是导致其实施低碳化能源消费行为的最直接心理动因,对行为各维度的作用强度均较高,因此,要引导居民实施低碳化的能源行为,激发其低碳行为意愿是关键;(2)居民的主观规范、知觉行为控制、利他价值观通过影响低碳行为意愿而间接驱动行为,其中主观规范的作用最大,利他价值观的作用最小,生态价值观的作用则不显著;(3)居民的低碳意愿向低碳行为的转化过程,受能源价格感知和能效产品经济性的正向调节,并且更多地转化为购买型低碳行为,对习惯型节能行为的作用相对偏弱;(4)家庭收入、家庭规模、住宅产权和家庭类型对居民能源消费行为低碳化有显著影响。     

基于STRPAT模型的碳排放情景分析

科学合理预测碳排放发展,对建设低碳城市具有重要的指导意义。本文以东莞市为例,采用基于扩展STIRPAT模型,通过岭回归拟合得到碳排放量与GDP、人口、城市化、人均消费支出、工业化及能源利用效率的多元线性模型,在此基础上,根据低碳社会发展各个不同阶段设定基准情景、低碳情景、节能情景等3种情景,对碳排放量进行预测及减排潜力分析。结果表明,人口数量对碳排放的影响最大,城市化率影响最小,碳排放量在基准情景下预计2020年为8246t,2025年达到8177t,而节能情景、低碳情景碳排放量均有不同程度的下降,在低碳发展的政策措施及一系列低碳发展行动与技术支撑下,东莞市碳排放仍具有较大的减排潜力。     

中国城市化进程中的居民家庭能源消费及碳排放研究

中国处于工业化快速发展阶段,能源消费和碳排放的增加是不可避免的.本文将居民家庭的能源消费分为直接和间接两部分,通过生活方式分析法测算了中国居民家庭的间接能源消费以及相应的碳排放量,研究了城乡居民家庭两部分能源消费的结构和变化趋势以及相对应的碳排放.结果表明:从2000年到2007年,城镇居民家庭的直接能耗和间接能耗都呈上升趋势,农村居民家庭的直接能耗逐年增加而间接能耗下降.在不考虑其他因素的前提下,一个农村居民转变为城市居民,将会增加能源消费量1085.26千克标煤.城镇和农村居民家庭的直接和间接能源消费结构反映了城乡居民生活水平的差异,从能源消费的变动趋势可以看出人们的消费行为逐渐由生存型消费转为发展型消费.家庭能源消费产生的碳排放总量也在逐年增长,2007年城镇居民家庭的直接能耗和间接能耗产生的碳排放量分别达到8535.04万吨和56678.76万吨,农村分别为6883.41万吨和8117.94万吨.在这种形式下,应当引导居民逐步向低碳的生活模式发展.     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.