驼绒藜属三个种的核型分析

The karyotypes of 3 species of Ceratoides (C. arborescens,  C. ewersman- niana and C. latens) were studied. The results show that C. arborescens is a diploid, with karyotype formula 2n=2x=18=16m+2sm,  C. ewersmanniana is also a diploid,  with 2n=2x=18=14m+4sm,  while C. latens is a tetraploid,  with 2n=4x=36=24m+12sm. Ac- cording to the karyotypes,  the morphological features and geographical distribution,  C. arborescens seems to be a primitive species and it might have originated in northern China. C. arborescens and C. ewersmanniana are similar to each other,  not only in mor- phology but also in karyotype,  which shows that they are closely related and that C. ar- borescens might be the progenitor of C. ewersmanniana. The karyotypes of the 3 speciesof Ceratoides are basically identical,  with only minor differences.     

囊状嵩草(莎草科)及相关类群的分类

 根据外部形态学和小坚果表皮的微形态学资料，研究了囊状嵩草及其相关类群的分类。在这一 群植物中，有13个相关的学名。根据以前学者用于区别这些植物的形态性状，无法清楚地将它们划分 开。因此作者深入地研究了有关植物的89号200多份标本，重新评价了形态性状的分类学意义。为了 更深入地理解这类植物的分类，应用扫描电子显微镜对其小坚果表皮的微形态进行了研究。根据研究 的结果，确认了囊状嵩草Kobresia fragilis和弧形嵩草K．curvata，其他名称做为囊状嵩草的异名，K．clar- keana、K．clarkeana var．megalantha和K.curticeps var．gyirongensis被处理为囊状嵩草的新异名。弧形嵩 草从形态学和微形态学两个方面都明显不同于囊状嵩草。研究中还发现囊状嵩草的一号标本采自甘肃的碌曲，是其分布的省级新记录。     

女蒿属的分类研究

 The present paper is an attempt to propose a preliminary taxomomic treatment of the genus Hippolytia Poljak. and to analyse the geographical distribution of its com- posite elements.      This small genus with 17 species is divided  into  2  sections,  namely,  section Anthodesma Shih and section Hippolytia. Anthodesma is a small section with 3 species and is characterized by fascicled corymbs, campanulate and nitid involucres, rigidly herbaceous phyllaries, and undershrubs, while Hippolytia consisting of 14 species is characterized by corymbose inflorescence or glomerules or compund heads, cuneate and unpolished involucres, herbaceous phyllaries with pitch black margines.      There are 12 species of Hippolytia in China, of which 3 are proposed as new in the present paper.      Regarding the distribution pattern of Hippolytia, it is noteworthy to note that its range of distribution forms a more or less U-shape as shown in map 2. It may be seen that Hippolytia distributes in Central Asia-Sino-Himalaya-Median Asia. Section Antho- desma Shih occurs in central Asia, while section Hippolytia in the whole Himalayan region and northern Meridional Ranges and Median Asia.      There seems to be no center of species concentration within the total range of Hippolytia, whose species are localized in distribution, for example, H. desmantha Shih is known only from Qinghai provence (Yu-Shu-Hsien), H. alashanensis (Ling) Shih is restricted to Ninghsia and central part of Kansu provence.  It is interesting to note that H. yunnanensis (J. F. Jeffrey) Shih and H. longifolia (Wall.) Shih are referred to as vicarious species.  The localization of the  species  distribution  and  the  obvious discontinuity of morphological characters between species indicate a remarkable geogra- phical influence on the species formation of Hippolytia.       Hippolytia is an alpine genus of temperate zone of Asia, in which 64 per cent of species occurs at high elevations of above 3300m. altitude, 30 per cent of species are distributed in middle elevations of above 2200m. altitude.  The life forms are micro- undershrubs, erect perennial herbs, glomerule stemless herbs or stemless herbs. It is very possible that its geographical origin and development may be linked up with occurance of desert steppe, especially of alpine meadow vegetations in the northern temperate zone of Asia.      With regard to the geographical elements to which each species of Hippolytia belongs, it seems to indicate that H. trifida (Turcz.) Poljak., H. alashanensis (Ling) Shih and H. desmantha Shih belong to the geographical elements of central Asia, while H. yunnanensis (J. F. Jeffrey) Shih, H. glomerata Shih, H. tomentosa (DC.) Tzvel., H. senecionis (Bess.) Poljak. H. longifolia (Wall.) Shih, H. kennedayi (Dunn) Ling, H. syncalathiformis Shih, H. gossypina (Hook. f. et Thoms.) Shih and H. nana (C. B. Clarke) Shih to Himalayan elements, and H. darvasica (C. Winkl.) Poljak., H. megacephala (Rupr.) Poljak,, H. herderi (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Poljak. to Median Asia, H. delavayi (W. W. Smith) Shih to North-West-Yunna.       

湘西北壶瓶山自然保护区植物区系

壶瓶山自然保护区具有丰富的植物区系成分，现知维管束植物有205科(蕨类和拟蕨类 植物40科，裸子植物7科，被子植物158科)，839属，约1961种(包括154变种)。其中，古  和原始的科、属不乏其代表。从种子植物属的分布区类型的比较分析，该区具有我国15个种子植物属的分布区类型中的14个，表明了与世界各地区植物区系的联系程度。另一方面，该 地区的植物区系虽含有丰富的热带成分，但根据各类温带属占该区总属数的百分比以及分布于该地区的中国特有属中的木本属几乎所有都是落叶的乔木或灌木，该区的植物区系性质明显偏重于温带性质。而且，这种温带性质可能与该区的山体海拔高度有着重要的联系。     

中国水锦树属的初步研究(续)

This paper presenta a brief introduction to the taxonomy and geographic distribu- tion of the genus Wendlandia.       The genus Wendlandia in tribe Rondeletieae of the family Rubiaceae was proposed by Bartling in 1830. There are now more than ninety species throughout the world. It is distributed mainly in tropical and subtropical Asia. Thirty species, ten subspecies and three varieties are recorded in the paper. Among these, nine species, two subspecies and one variety are new. They are distributed mainly in Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Xizang and Taiwan Provinces. Only one species, namely W. longidens (Hance) Hutch. Extends northward to Hubei and Sichuan.       The classification of the genus in this paper is based on Cowan's system. It is divided into four series mainly by their stigmatic and staminal characters, namely Euexsertae, Subinclusae, Montigenae and Clavigerae. The first two series are each subdivided according to the stipule feature into two subseries, designated as Cuspidatae, Orbiculares, Tinctoriae and Paniculatae.       From the distribution patterns of the genus in the flora of China, we may understand:       1.  The genus has the most species in China, where is its distribution centre, and Yurnan is the province richest in species of the genus.       2.  There are twenty-one species, five subspecies and three varieties endemic to China. Most of these endemics have their distributional area confined to a single province, and some of them are confined to an even narrower district, with only a few of them extending beyond province boundaries.       3.  The series Subinclusae Cowan has the most species not only in China but also in other regions of the world, whereas the series Montigenae Cowan has fewer species and they are all restricted to China.       The new species, new subspecies and the new varieties described in this paper are as follows: W. brevipaniculata W. C. Chen, W..villosa W. C. Chen, W. tinctoria  (Roxb.) DC. subsp. affinis How, W. laxa S. K. Wu, W. uvariifolia Hance subsp. pilosa W. C. Chen, W. guangdongensis W. C. Chen, W. parviflora W. C. Chen, W. scabra Kurz var. pilitera How, W. pubigera W. C. Chen, W. jingdongensis W. C. Chen, W. brevituba Chun et Howand W. oligantha W. C. Chen.     

中国产紫草属和软紫草属分类的研究

 Tile distinguishing characters between Lithospermum and Arnebia are tabulated and these two genera are considered different between each other.  Five species of the former and six species of the latter are recognized in China, and two keys to species are given for the two genera respectively.  The pattern of the disjunct distribution ofLithospermum offici  nale is discussed, and a map of its distribution range is given.     

峨眉山兰科植物的地理分布和区系特点

 Situated in western part of Sichuan Province, 29°30'N, 103°20'E, the sacred Mt. Emei is one of the well-known large mountains in China. Its summit is about 3100 m ab- ove sea level with a relative height of 2550 m.        The orchid flora in Mt. Emei so far known comprises 47 genera and 109 species, among which 21 are epiphytes, 83 terrestrials and 5 saprophytes (Table 1.)        1.  The vertical distribution of the orchid flora in the mountain. The epiphytic orchids are concentrated in the lower region  below Hongchunping and Wanniansi (1100 m alt.), where there are 20 species, which make over 95% of epiphytic species; the upper limit for the epiphytic orchids is Jiulaodong and Chudian ( 1800 m alt.). The terrestrial orchids also mainly occur at the lower region below Jiulaodong and Chudian (1800 m alt.), where there are 54 species, most of which are found at even lower part of the mountain, below Hongchunping and Wanniansi (1100 m alt.). The tropicas orchids in the mountain, such as Cleisostoma, Vanda, Holcoglossum, Tropiclia, Thunia, Mischobulbum, Ludisia, Anoectochilus, Odontochilus, etc. all grow only at the lower part of the mountain below Hongchunping and Wanniansi (1100 m alt.).        2. The floristic features of the orchid flora in the Mt. Emei.        (1)  The orchid flora in the mountain so far known comprises 47 genera (over 2/3 of the total orchid genera in Sichuan) and 109 species (over 1/3 of the total orchid species in Sichuan). The Mt. Emei is very rich in orchid species, as compared with neighbouring mountains of same magnitude, such as Mt. Shennonjia in western Hubei, Qin Ling in sou- thern Shaanxi, Jinfo Shan in south-eastern Sichuan, and Erlang Shan in western Sichuan.        (2)  The orchids in the mountain are complex in floristic components as indicated below:        1)  Twenty seven species, belonging to 18 genera, are widespread, covering the whole East-Asian region.        2)  Twenty three species, belonging to 15 genera, are the elements of the Sino-Japanese Subregion. Among them 13 species occur only in Japan and eastern China with the mountain ar the westernmost limit, but the other species extend westwards as far as Kangding and ErLang Shan or Baoxing in Sichuan Province.        3)  Forty two species, belonging to 22 genera, are the elements of the Sino-Himala-yan Subregion, with 5 species having their range extending from the Himalayan  region eastwards to Mt. Emei.        4)  Some tropical genera (8 species), belonging to Indo-Malaysian floristic elements, have the mountain as their northern limit of distribution.       The orchid flora of the Mt. Emei contains not only the East-Asian elements, but also some Indo-Malaysian elements, though its composition is mainly of the temperate and subtropical Eastern Asian (Sino-Japanese) ones.        (3)  The orchid flora in the mountain is characterized by geographical vicariation and differentiation.       There are nine species-pairs (belong to genera Calanthe,  Platanthera,  Dendrobium etc.) of the vertical vicarism and six species-pairs (belonging to genera Tropidia, Aneoctochilus, Mischobulbum, Gymnadenia Orchis, etc.) of the horizontal vicarism in the Mt.  Emei.       Remarkable differentiation of orchid flora in the Mt. Emei is shown in the abundance of endemic elements and as clear geographical vicariation.        (4)  There are 8 endemic species and one variety of orchids in the Mt. Emei, more  abundant than in Xizang.      The floristic features of the orchid flora of the Mt. Emei are rich in species, compara tively complex in components, rather prolific in endemic species, and characterized by geographical vicariation and differentiation. The orchid flora in the Mt. Emei mainly consists of the subtropical and temperate East-Asian elements, with a  considerable proportion of tropical elements though.     

淫羊藿属(小檗科)花瓣的演化和地理分布格局的研究

淫羊藿属的种数与60年前大不相同，现在已知约有50种。该属种类间断地分布于日本至北非 的阿尔及利亚之间的广大地区，这一分布格局表明了该属的古老性质。它们在欧亚大陆的分布极不均 匀，约有80％的种类产于中国中部至东南部，而且根据花瓣的演化分析结果表明，只有中国的淫羊藿属 植物具有连续不断的演化过程。由此可见，中国中部至东南部成为北半球淫羊藿属植物的汇集中心是 有充分根据的。淫羊藿属种类基本上是林地草本植物，常生于水青冈林下，为林下草本层的优势种，而 且该属的分布格局与第三纪植物属——水青冈属在欧亚大陆的分布格局极为相似，说明淫羊藿属植物 在早第三纪时期已广泛分布于北半球。中新世时期由于中亚地区气候变干，加之印度板块向欧亚大陆 俯冲并引起喜马拉雅山脉隆起，致使中亚地区进一步干旱，水青冈属和淫羊霍属植物随之消失，进而导致其东亚—地中海、西亚间断分布格局的形成。     

中国溲疏属的分类与地理分布

    本文分析溲疏属的重要形态特征的演化趋势，讨论亲缘属的系统位置和地理分布及区系特点，分类系统的修订和补充，并编写了分种检索表。认为雄蕊不定数，花瓣覆瓦状排列，花丝无齿，子房半下位的是属于原始性状，而雄蕊定数，花瓣镊合状排列，花丝具齿，子房下位的是进化性状，因此新溲疏组应包括在溲疏属内，该组与中间溲疏组是原始类群，而溲疏组是进化类群。国产52种被分为2组，4亚组和17系。溲疏属基本上是属于北温带分布类型，而我国的横断山脉至秦岭南部和华中一带为本属的现代分布和分化中心。     

中国荚蒾属分布式样的数值分析

    本文用数值分类的关联分析方法对国产荚蒾属 Viburnum  所有72种的分布式样进行     了研究，旨在为中国植物区系分区的工作提供若干依据。中国荚蒾属的遗传变异中心是在中     南部而不在南部或西南部的事实强烈地暗示这是一个亚热带性质的属。  四川西南部是西部     特有成分最密集的地区。尽管横断山脉地区地形复杂，但那里只有几种荚蒾属植物。台湾的     种主要是亚热带性质的，而且大多数与大陆的种相同。这些种的分布式样展示我国台湾在区     系地理上与我国大陆或甚至日本有着比马来西亚地区更密切的亲缘关系。  本文总的结论大     体上与吴征镒教授关于中国种子植物区系的分区相符，但在某些次要方面有所不同。作者还    讨论了种的分布式样与自然地理、气候和植被的联系。