Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in Chinese kidney transplant patients

To assess the influence of cyclosporin A (CsA) and tacrolimus (FK506) on mycophenolic acid (MPA) and correlation analysis of the pharmacokinetic parameters and patient characteristics, clinical outcome in Chinese kidney transplant recipients, the pharmacokinetics of 1000 mg mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) twice daily was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). PKS (Pharmaceutical Kinctics Software) 1.0.2 software package was used for the calculation of pharmacokinetic parameters. The meanC _max,t _max, and AUC_(0–12) were (21.88±10.52) μg/ml, (1.20±0.95) h, and (52.546±13.215) μg·h/ml, respectively. The level of AUC_(0–12) in the FK506 group was significantly higher than that in the CsA group. MPA appeared not to be affected by renal function. MPA AUC_(0–12) showed statistically significant difference according to the patient's gender. Project (No. 20040462) supported by the Foundation of Education Bureau of Zhejiang Province, China     

Infusion of nonmyeloablative bone marrow alleviates acute rejection reaction in liver allotransplantation

Objective: To study the effect and implication of nonmyeloablative donor specific bone marrow (DSBM) infusion on the immunoreaction of liver allotransplantation. Methods: Orthotopic liver transplantation model was used in this study. Groups were set as follows: Group Ⅰ, syngeneic control (Wistar-to-Wistar); Group Ⅱ, acute rejection (SD-to-Wistar); Group Ⅲ, acute rejection treated with cyclosporine A (CsA) by intramuscular injection (SD-to-Wistar CsA); Group Ⅳ, bone marrow infusion at 7 d pretransplantation followed by short-term CsA treatment (SD-to-Wistar DSBM); Another group of short-term CsA treatment preoperatively without bone marrow infusion was also set as control. General characteristics and survival time were observed.Histological grades of rejection were determined by pathological examination. IL-2 and IFN-γ level in peripheral blood and donor liver were detected respectively by Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) and Western blot. Chimerism of donor cells was measured by PCR for a male-specific marker (Y-chromosome-specific sequence, Sry). Results: No signs of rejection were found in Group Ⅰ. Acute rejection occurred in both Group Ⅱ and the short-term CsA treated group. All the recipients died at (9～15)d posttransplantation with a median survival time of (10.7±0.5) d and (11.2±2.4) d, respectively. Only mild rejection could be seen in Group Ⅲ. In Group Ⅳ, 4 out of 6 recipients had long-term survival (＞100 d), the histological grade of rejection was significantly lower than that of Group Ⅱ, so did the expression level of IL-2 and IFN-γ in both peripheral blood and grafted liver.Y-chromosome-specific sequence (Sry) of male SD rats could be detected in the bone marrow, spleen and thymus of female recipients at 15 d after bone marrow infusion. Conclusion: Mild preconditioning nonmyeloablative donor specific bone marrow infusion can enhance chimerism formation in recipients, alleviate the rejection of liver allotransplantation and prolong survival of liver allotransplantation.     

水溶性CdTe量子点合成条件的优化

用巯基丙酸作为稳定剂,在水相中合成了发光可调的核壳型半导体纳米粒子.用X射线衍射仪、透射电镜、荧光显微镜,荧光光谱及紫外可见光谱等对合成的核壳型Cd Te/Cd S量子点进行了光学性能、粒子的分散性、纳米粒子形貌和晶型的表征.通过对合成条件的摸索,总结出了合成高性能水溶性Cd Te/Cd S量子点的优化条件是:反应初始p H为11,Cd2+∶HTe-∶MPA为1∶0.25∶1.8,回流时间为1 h.在优化条件下通过控制合成回流时间可合成不同粒径的量子点,其荧光发射光谱在510-610 nm范围连续可调.     

米非司酮配伍米索前列醇终止10－16周妊娠的探讨

目的探索米非司酮配伍米索前列醇(米索)终止10-16周妊娠有效剂量和给药途径.方法将371妊娠10-16周的健康妇女,随机分成3种不同的治疗组.A组120例,米非司酮25mg Bid×2天,第3天晨口服米索0.6mg,每4-5小时重复1次,最多3次;B组115例,米非司酮100mg Qd×2天,第3天晨口服米索0.6mg,4-5小时后阴道放置米索0.2mg,最多2次;C组136例,米非司酮50mg Bid×2天,第3天晨阴道放置米索0.6mg,每12小时重复1次,最多2次.结果3组24小时内流产成功率分别为87.5%、88.7%、94.1%,C组成功率明显高于A组和B组(p＜0.05).胃肠道副反应也明显降低(p＜0.05).结论口服米非司酮200mg合并首次阴道放置米索0.6mg是终止10-16周妊娠的良好方法.     

日本血吸虫压电免疫传感器的研究

在压电石英晶体金电极表面形成MPA（疏基丙酸）单分子膜,经NHS和EDC活化后固定血吸虫抗原（SjAg）,研制成血吸虫抗体（SjAb）压电免疫传感器．研究了包被抗原浓度、抗原抗体结合时间,TSM声波免疫传感的响应特性、重现性等实验条件的影响．压电晶体的频移值与IRS浓度在0－36μg／ml范围内有良好的线性关系．将此传感器用于兔抗血吸虫抗体血清样品的测定,结果令人满意．     

从美国MPA教育模式看中国MPA教育的发展

随着公共管理实践的发展,高素质公共管理者的社会要求随之提升,如何培养适应社会发展需要的公共管理高级人才是公共管理研究的重点问题。本文回顾了我国MPA教育发展现状,总结了存在的主要问题,分析了美国MPA教育发展的特点,并在此基础上提出了我国MPA教育发展的对策。     

Fitting derivational morphophonology into a developmental model of reading

Oral language is the foundation on which literacy initially builds. Between early developing oral language skills and fluent reading comprehension emerge several types of metalinguistic ability, including phonological and morphological awareness. In this study, a developmental sequence is proposed, beginning with receptive language followed by phonological awareness, morphological awareness, and a new metalinguistic task measuring oral morphophonological accuracy (MPA), followed by decoding and culminating in reading comprehension. MPA is a measure of accurate primary stress placement in the production of derived words with non-neutral, stress changing suffixes (e.g., -ity). A path analysis with data from 76 third graders was used to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of these variables. The developmental model was confirmed, and a metalinguistic continuum, with MPA emerging after both PA and MA, was supported. Decoding and receptive language were the best unique predictors of reading comprehension. Surprisingly, MPA was more important to decoding than was PA, whereas MA was only indirectly implicated in both decoding and reading comprehension.     

Investigation on apoptosis of neuronal cells induced by Amyloid beta-Protein

Objective: To construct a PC12 cell strain with neuronal differentiation, and observe the apoptosis and pro-liferation activity effects induced these cells by Amyloid beta-Protein (Aβ-43). Methods: 1) PC12 cells in logarithmicgrowth phase were subcultured for 24 h. After the culture fluid was changed, the cells were treated with Rat-β-NGF andcultured for 9 days. 2) Neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells in logarithmic growth phase were divided into four groups:control group (0), experimental group (1), experimental group (2) and experimental group (3). The concentrations of Aβ inthe four groups were 0 μmol/L, 1.25 μ mol/L, 2.5 μ mol/L and 5 μmol/L, respectively. The cells were harvested at 24, 48 and72 h later and stained with AnnexinV-FITC/PI after centrifugation and washing. Then flow cytometry was conducted toexamine the apoptosis percentage. 3) NGF-induced PC12 cells were selected and Aβ with different concentrations wasadded. The final concentrations of Aβ were 0 μmol/L, 1.25 μmol/L, 2.5 μmol/L and 5 μ mol/L, respectively. After the cellswere incubated in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 at 37 ℃ in an incubator for 72 h, the OD values were examined. Results: 1)Neuronal differentiated PC 12 cell lines were successfully established. 2) Flow cytometric examination indicated that Aβ(1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 μmol/L) could effectively induce apoptosis of neuronal-differented cells at the 24 h, 48 h and 72 h timepoints. 3) Aβ (0-5.00 μ mol/L) had no obvious effect on proliferation or restraining of the neuronal differentiation of thePC 12 cells after a 72 h interacting process. Conclusion: This investigation revealed successful neuronal differentiation of thePC12 cell strain. The induction of apoptosis of the neurocytes by various concentrations of Aβ was observed and the in-fluence of Aβ on induced proliferation of PC 12 cells by Rat-β-NGF was revealed. This study -05 provide basis for futureresearch on the molecular cure of AD and interdiction of AD evolution.     

中国MPA教育:十年总结与未来展望

我国MPA教育已结束试点并转入常规发展阶段.如何正确总结和评价MPA教育试点工作,关系到MPA教育今后的发展和路径选择.本文在资料分析和数据比较的基础上,揭示了我国MPA教育呈现出办学模式多样化、政府参与普遍化、教育发展两极化和行业行为组织化四大特点.同时,本文还从办学质量、监管机制和政策环境等方面分析了MPA教育存在的问题.文章认为,我国MPA教育在试点阶段呈现外延式发展的态势,以总量扩张和技术模仿为主,未来的发展应在稳定规模的同时,坚持质量为本,走内涵式发展道路.产品创新和国际化是我国今后发展MPA教育的重要战略.     

Study on pig growth hormone gene polymorphisms in western meat-type breeds and Chinese local breeds

Chinese Meishan and Jiangquhai pigs are two of the most prolific pigs in the world, but their growth rate is lower than that of Duroc, Landrace and Pietrain pigs. It is suggested that growth rate is regulated by growth hormone. The objective of the current study was to analyze the porcine growth hormone (pGH) gene polymorphisms based on the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment-length polymorphism method (PCR-RFLP) for three western meat-type breeds (Duroc, Landrace and Pietrain) and two local Chinese pigs (Meishan and Jiangquhai). Five polymorphic restriction sites were detected with the ApaI, MspI, BspI and HhaI restriction enzymes in two amplified fragments (605 bp, -119 to +486; 506 bp, +206 to +711). Breed difference was found only in the 506 bp fragment. There was no difference in allelic frequencies of BspI and HhaI restriction sites among the five breeds (P>0.05). Landrace and Meishan pigs lacked allele G3 of MspI site. The allele G3 frequency of restriction MspI site of the 506 bp fragment in Pietrain pigs was higher than that in Duroc and Jianquhai pigs (P<0.001). For ApaI site, the Meishan pigs lacked allele G1; no difference was found in allelic frequencies among Pietrain, Duroc, Landrace and Jiangquhai pigs (P>0.05). This new and rapid PCR-RFLP typing method is an attractive tool for analysis of porcine growth hormone gene restriction sites. The differences in MspI and ApaI restriction sites may explain the growth difference between the foreign meat-type breeds above mentioned and local Chinese pigs.     

Study on pig growth hormone gene polymorphisms in western meat-type breeds and Chinese local breeds

INTRODUCTIONGrowthhormone (GH)isapeptidehormonewhichregulatesgrowthandvariousmetabolicac tivities (Sterle,1 995;Yuan ,1 996) .InjectionsofGHintogrowingpigsincreasedgrowthrateoftheanimalsandthepercentageofmuscle ,andwhilefataccretionwasdecreased (Bonneau ,…     

日本血吸虫免疫反应中抗原价数及平衡常数Kass的测定

在压电石英晶体金电极表面形成流基丙酸（MPA）单分子膜,经NHS和EDC活化后固定血吸虫抗原（SjAg）,研制成血吸虫抗体（SjAb）压电免疫传感器．研究测定了抗原价数及免疫反应平衡常数Kass,结果令人满意．     

MPA专业学位论文质量评价问题探讨——基于部分试点院校的分析

MPA专业学位论文是MPA培养的重要环节,是MPA教育成果的集中展现。开展MPA专业学位论文质量评价研究,对于规范MPA学位论文写作、提高MPA学位论文质量和提升人才培养素质具有重要意义。本文选取部分MPA教育试点院校为对象,针对MPA专业学位论文评价中存在的问题,依据国家MPA教育的相关政策规定、结合MPA教育特点并借鉴国内外专业学位论文的评价经验,提出完善我国MPA专业学位论文质量评价的对策。     

血粉、肉骨粉、肠衣粉替代进口鱼粉饲喂蛋雏鸡的研究

利用血粉、肉骨粉、肠衣粉等多种屠宰下脚料,按进口鱼粉能量和蛋白质水平所配制的代鱼粉料,等量替代进口鱼粉,对2000只12日龄的罗曼商品代蛋用雏鸡进行了饲养试验,代鱼粉料组和进口鱼粉组各1000只,试验结果表明;代鱼粉料组在增重、料肉比、成活率等方面都与进口鱼粉相接近,差异不显著(P>0.05),但每增加l公斤体重,比进口鱼粉组节约饲料成本0.19元,说明代鱼粉料等量全额替代进口鱼粉效果较好.     

MPA培养模式比较分析——兼以湖北大学为例谈省属高校MPA培养模式的定位

公共管理硕士(Master of Public Administration,MPA)的办学在我国已经有10多年。2010年,国务院学位委员会发布了金融硕士等19种硕士专业学位设置方案,其中税务、城市规划等专业的设置,与MPA教育多有交叉之处,这对未来MPA教育的发展趋势影响深远。本文通过梳理国内外MPA培养模式并进行比较分析,试图寻找省属高校MPA培养模式的正确定位。     

A Bootstrap Generalization of Modified Parallel Analysis for IRT Dimensionality Assessment

This article introduces a bootstrap generalization to the Modified Parallel Analysis (MPA) method of test dimensionality assessment using factor analysis. This methodology, based on the use of Marginal Maximum Likelihood nonlinear factor analysis, provides for the calculation of a test statistic based on a parametric bootstrap using the MPA methodology for generation of synthetic datasets. Performance of the bootstrap test was compared with the likelihood ratio difference test and the DIMTEST procedure using a Monte Carlo simulation. The bootstrap test was found to exhibit much better control of the Type I error rate than the likelihood ratio difference test, and comparable power to DIMTEST under most conditions. A major conclusion to be taken from this research is that under many real-world conditions, the bootstrap MPA test presents a useful alternative for practitioners using Marginal Maximum Likelihood factor analysis to test for multidimensional testing data.     

The nature of anticipation: An inter- and intraevent process

In these experiments, each rat received two different series of three runs each. The lone group in Experiment 1 received the series 10-0-10 and 10-0-0, where, for example, 10-0-10 means that the rat received three discrete runs (in a runway) that terminated in 10, 0, and 10 pellets, respectively. In Experiment 2, the series were 20-0-0 and 0-0-20 for one group and 20-0-20 and 0-0-0 for another. Of primary concern in both experiments was the rat’s anticipation, as measured by running speed, of 0 pellets on the middle, or second, run of each series. In each experiment, running speed to this 0-pellet event was independent of reinforcement magnitude on the first run of each series and was greater, the greater the reinforcement magnitude on the third run of each series. These results indicate that on the second run of each series the rat was anticipating not merely the 0 pellets associated with that run (intraevent anticipation), but also the reinforcement magnitude associated with the future, third run of each series (interevent anticipation). These results are shown to be consistent with an S-S cognitive view of anticipation and inconsistent with an S-R serial-chaining view of serial learning.     

一种新的音频水印方案

借助图像水印技术中的补丁算法,提出一种音频水印方案:改进的补丁算法(MPA) 该算法是基于统计检测理论,应用于音频信号的DCT域,但也可应用于DWT域和DFT域 实验结果表明,该算法具有很强的抗压缩和常见的信号处理攻击的能力     

Outcomes of EC-MPS combined with low-dose tacrolimus in DCD kidney transplantation for high-risk DGF recipients

Effective use of immunosuppressive agents to avoid the occurrence of nephrotoxicity and rejection in recipients with delayed graft function (DGF) is a concern for physicians. We investigated the outcomes of treatment with enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS) in combination with a low-dose of tacrolimus (Tac) in renal transplantation for recipients with a high risk of DGF. We conducted a retrospective study of 61 recipients with a high risk of DGF who were treated with EC-MPS and low-dose Tac. The recipients were separated into a no-DGF group and a DGF group, based on whether DGF actually occurred. The results showed that although EC-MPS and Tac doses were similar in both groups, the percentage of recipients whose mycophenolic acid area under the curve 0–12 h (MPA-AUC_{0–12 h}) was below 30 (mg·h)/L was significantly higher and the Tac trough concentration significantly lower in the DGF group one week after transplantation. Notably, a higher incidence of biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR) was found in the DGF group and among all recipients whose MPA-AUC_{0–12 h} was less than 30 (mg·h)/L at one week after transplantation. One-year graft survival, patient survival, allograft function, and the incidence of the most common adverse events were similar in the two groups. In conclusion, the immunosuppressive regime is applicable to Chinese kidney transplant recipients, and early low exposure to EC-MPS was related to acute rejection in the recipients at a high risk of DGF.